Abstract
In a naturally ventilated polyhouse, a study was performed to analyze the effect of foliar humic acid application on growth, flowering attributes and economics of the chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) var.Garden Beauty in the temperate region of Uttarakhand.The experiment was laid out from June 2022 -February 2023 in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications, incorporating six treatments of humic acid concentrations, viz: T 1 : Control, T 2 : 0.2%, T 3 : 0.4%, T 4 : 0.6%, T 5 : 0.8% and T 6 : 1.0%.Rooted cuttings were transplanted in raised beds at a spacing of 30 cm 30 cm.According to the results, significant effects were shown in all the parameters during the experiment.Plants sprayed with 0.6% humic acid resulted in tallest plants (102.75 cm), maximum number of primary branches per plants (8.10), number of leaves per plant (180.32),plant spread (44.30cm) and leaf area (22.67 cm 2 ).Similarly in case of floral attributes the same treatment i.e. 0.6% humic acid showed earliness in 1 st bud appearance (64.85 days), first flower opening (94.50 days), days taken for 50% flowering (104.50 days), maximum flowers per plant (89.00), number of flowers per plot (988.42),maximum cut sprays per plant (21.25), maximum flower diameter (11.95 cm), spray length (59.29 cm), vase life (14.50days), maximum gross return (53,111.00 /100m 2 ), Net return (27,643.46 / 100m 2 ) and cost benefit ratio (1:1.09).However, plants treated with 0.4% humic acid showed a prolonged duration of flowering (24.75 days).The experiment concludes that foliar application of humic acid at 0.6% was found most effective and economical viable for enhancing flower production of chrysanthemum in temperate region of Uttarakhand.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
0.6% humic acid produced tallest plants of 102.75 cm.
- Taxon
- CHRYSANTHEMUM
.jpeg?width=60)
Chrysanthemumt0 - Treatment
- 0.6% humic acide0
- Outcome
- tallest plantse0
- Direction
- talleste0
- Value
- 102.75 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpeg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Plants sprayed with 0.6% humic acid resulted in tallest plants (102.75 cm), maximum number of primary branches per plants (8.10), number of leaves per plant (180.32),plant spread (44.30cm) and leaf area (22.67 cm 2 ).”
t0“CHRYSANTHEMUM”
Claim · model-written summary
0.6% humic acid produced number of primary branches per plants of 8.10.
- Taxon
- CHRYSANTHEMUMChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- 0.6% humic acide0
- Outcome
- number of primary branches per plantse0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 8.10e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants sprayed with 0.6% humic acid resulted in tallest plants (102.75 cm), maximum number of primary branches per plants (8.10), number of leaves per plant (180.32),plant spread (44.30cm) and leaf area (22.67 cm 2 ).”
t0“CHRYSANTHEMUM”
Claim · model-written summary
0.6% humic acid produced number of leaves per plant of 180.32.
- Taxon
- CHRYSANTHEMUMChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- 0.6% humic acide0
- Outcome
- number of leaves per plante0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 180.32e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants sprayed with 0.6% humic acid resulted in tallest plants (102.75 cm), maximum number of primary branches per plants (8.10), number of leaves per plant (180.32),plant spread (44.30cm) and leaf area (22.67 cm 2 ).”
t0“CHRYSANTHEMUM”
Claim · model-written summary
0.6% humic acid produced plant spread of 44.30cm.
- Taxon
- CHRYSANTHEMUMChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- 0.6% humic acide0
- Outcome
- plant spreade0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 44.30cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants sprayed with 0.6% humic acid resulted in tallest plants (102.75 cm), maximum number of primary branches per plants (8.10), number of leaves per plant (180.32),plant spread (44.30cm) and leaf area (22.67 cm 2 ).”
t0“CHRYSANTHEMUM”
Claim · model-written summary
0.6% humic acid produced leaf area of 22.67 cm 2.
- Taxon
- CHRYSANTHEMUMChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- 0.6% humic acide0
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 22.67 cm 2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants sprayed with 0.6% humic acid resulted in tallest plants (102.75 cm), maximum number of primary branches per plants (8.10), number of leaves per plant (180.32),plant spread (44.30cm) and leaf area (22.67 cm 2 ).”
t0“CHRYSANTHEMUM”
Claim · model-written summary
0.6% humic acid yielded 1 st bud appearance of 64.85 days.
- Taxon
- CHRYSANTHEMUMChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- 0.6% humic acide0
- Outcome
- 1 st bud appearancee0
- Direction
- earlinesse0
- Value
- 64.85 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly in case of floral attributes the same treatment i.e. 0.6% humic acid showed earliness in 1 st bud appearance (64.85 days), first flower opening (94.50 days), days taken for 50% flowering (104.50 days), maximum flowers per plant (89.00), number of flowers per plot (988.42),maximum cut sprays per plant (21.25), maximum flower diameter (11.95 cm), spray length (59.29 cm), vase life (14.50days), maximum gross return (53,111.00 /100m 2 ), Net return (27,643.46 / 100m 2 ) and cost benefit ratio (1:1.09).”
t0“CHRYSANTHEMUM”
Claim · model-written summary
0.6% humic acid yielded first flower opening of 94.50 days.
- Taxon
- CHRYSANTHEMUMChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- 0.6% humic acide0
- Outcome
- first flower openinge0
- Direction
- earlinesse0
- Value
- 94.50 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly in case of floral attributes the same treatment i.e. 0.6% humic acid showed earliness in 1 st bud appearance (64.85 days), first flower opening (94.50 days), days taken for 50% flowering (104.50 days), maximum flowers per plant (89.00), number of flowers per plot (988.42),maximum cut sprays per plant (21.25), maximum flower diameter (11.95 cm), spray length (59.29 cm), vase life (14.50days), maximum gross return (53,111.00 /100m 2 ), Net return (27,643.46 / 100m 2 ) and cost benefit ratio (1:1.09).”
t0“CHRYSANTHEMUM”
Claim · model-written summary
0.6% humic acid yielded days taken for 50% flowering of 104.50 days.
- Taxon
- CHRYSANTHEMUMChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- 0.6% humic acide0
- Outcome
- days taken for 50% floweringe0
- Direction
- earlinesse0
- Value
- 104.50 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly in case of floral attributes the same treatment i.e. 0.6% humic acid showed earliness in 1 st bud appearance (64.85 days), first flower opening (94.50 days), days taken for 50% flowering (104.50 days), maximum flowers per plant (89.00), number of flowers per plot (988.42),maximum cut sprays per plant (21.25), maximum flower diameter (11.95 cm), spray length (59.29 cm), vase life (14.50days), maximum gross return (53,111.00 /100m 2 ), Net return (27,643.46 / 100m 2 ) and cost benefit ratio (1:1.09).”
t0“CHRYSANTHEMUM”
Claim · model-written summary
0.6% humic acid yielded flowers per plant of 89.00.
- Taxon
- CHRYSANTHEMUMChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- 0.6% humic acide0
- Outcome
- flowers per plante0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 89.00e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly in case of floral attributes the same treatment i.e. 0.6% humic acid showed earliness in 1 st bud appearance (64.85 days), first flower opening (94.50 days), days taken for 50% flowering (104.50 days), maximum flowers per plant (89.00), number of flowers per plot (988.42),maximum cut sprays per plant (21.25), maximum flower diameter (11.95 cm), spray length (59.29 cm), vase life (14.50days), maximum gross return (53,111.00 /100m 2 ), Net return (27,643.46 / 100m 2 ) and cost benefit ratio (1:1.09).”
t0“CHRYSANTHEMUM”
Claim · model-written summary
0.6% humic acid yielded number of flowers per plot of 988.42.
- Taxon
- CHRYSANTHEMUMChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- 0.6% humic acide0
- Outcome
- number of flowers per plote0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 988.42e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly in case of floral attributes the same treatment i.e. 0.6% humic acid showed earliness in 1 st bud appearance (64.85 days), first flower opening (94.50 days), days taken for 50% flowering (104.50 days), maximum flowers per plant (89.00), number of flowers per plot (988.42),maximum cut sprays per plant (21.25), maximum flower diameter (11.95 cm), spray length (59.29 cm), vase life (14.50days), maximum gross return (53,111.00 /100m 2 ), Net return (27,643.46 / 100m 2 ) and cost benefit ratio (1:1.09).”
t0“CHRYSANTHEMUM”
Claim · model-written summary
0.6% humic acid yielded cut sprays per plant of 21.25.
- Taxon
- CHRYSANTHEMUMChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- 0.6% humic acide0
- Outcome
- cut sprays per plante0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 21.25e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly in case of floral attributes the same treatment i.e. 0.6% humic acid showed earliness in 1 st bud appearance (64.85 days), first flower opening (94.50 days), days taken for 50% flowering (104.50 days), maximum flowers per plant (89.00), number of flowers per plot (988.42),maximum cut sprays per plant (21.25), maximum flower diameter (11.95 cm), spray length (59.29 cm), vase life (14.50days), maximum gross return (53,111.00 /100m 2 ), Net return (27,643.46 / 100m 2 ) and cost benefit ratio (1:1.09).”
t0“CHRYSANTHEMUM”
Claim · model-written summary
0.6% humic acid yielded flower diameter of 11.95 cm.
- Taxon
- CHRYSANTHEMUMChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- 0.6% humic acide0
- Outcome
- flower diametere0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 11.95 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly in case of floral attributes the same treatment i.e. 0.6% humic acid showed earliness in 1 st bud appearance (64.85 days), first flower opening (94.50 days), days taken for 50% flowering (104.50 days), maximum flowers per plant (89.00), number of flowers per plot (988.42),maximum cut sprays per plant (21.25), maximum flower diameter (11.95 cm), spray length (59.29 cm), vase life (14.50days), maximum gross return (53,111.00 /100m 2 ), Net return (27,643.46 / 100m 2 ) and cost benefit ratio (1:1.09).”
t0“CHRYSANTHEMUM”
Claim · model-written summary
0.6% humic acid yielded spray length of 59.29 cm.
- Taxon
- CHRYSANTHEMUMChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- 0.6% humic acide0
- Outcome
- spray lengthe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 59.29 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly in case of floral attributes the same treatment i.e. 0.6% humic acid showed earliness in 1 st bud appearance (64.85 days), first flower opening (94.50 days), days taken for 50% flowering (104.50 days), maximum flowers per plant (89.00), number of flowers per plot (988.42),maximum cut sprays per plant (21.25), maximum flower diameter (11.95 cm), spray length (59.29 cm), vase life (14.50days), maximum gross return (53,111.00 /100m 2 ), Net return (27,643.46 / 100m 2 ) and cost benefit ratio (1:1.09).”
t0“CHRYSANTHEMUM”
Claim · model-written summary
0.6% humic acid yielded vase life of 14.50days.
- Taxon
- CHRYSANTHEMUMChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- 0.6% humic acide0
- Outcome
- vase lifee0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 14.50dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly in case of floral attributes the same treatment i.e. 0.6% humic acid showed earliness in 1 st bud appearance (64.85 days), first flower opening (94.50 days), days taken for 50% flowering (104.50 days), maximum flowers per plant (89.00), number of flowers per plot (988.42),maximum cut sprays per plant (21.25), maximum flower diameter (11.95 cm), spray length (59.29 cm), vase life (14.50days), maximum gross return (53,111.00 /100m 2 ), Net return (27,643.46 / 100m 2 ) and cost benefit ratio (1:1.09).”
t0“CHRYSANTHEMUM”
Claim · model-written summary
0.6% humic acid yielded gross return of 53,111.00 /100m 2.
- Taxon
- CHRYSANTHEMUMChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- 0.6% humic acide0
- Outcome
- gross returne0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 53,111.00 /100m 2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly in case of floral attributes the same treatment i.e. 0.6% humic acid showed earliness in 1 st bud appearance (64.85 days), first flower opening (94.50 days), days taken for 50% flowering (104.50 days), maximum flowers per plant (89.00), number of flowers per plot (988.42),maximum cut sprays per plant (21.25), maximum flower diameter (11.95 cm), spray length (59.29 cm), vase life (14.50days), maximum gross return (53,111.00 /100m 2 ), Net return (27,643.46 / 100m 2 ) and cost benefit ratio (1:1.09).”
t0“CHRYSANTHEMUM”
Claim · model-written summary
0.6% humic acid yielded Net return of 27,643.46 / 100m 2.
- Taxon
- CHRYSANTHEMUMChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- 0.6% humic acide0
- Outcome
- Net returne0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 27,643.46 / 100m 2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly in case of floral attributes the same treatment i.e. 0.6% humic acid showed earliness in 1 st bud appearance (64.85 days), first flower opening (94.50 days), days taken for 50% flowering (104.50 days), maximum flowers per plant (89.00), number of flowers per plot (988.42),maximum cut sprays per plant (21.25), maximum flower diameter (11.95 cm), spray length (59.29 cm), vase life (14.50days), maximum gross return (53,111.00 /100m 2 ), Net return (27,643.46 / 100m 2 ) and cost benefit ratio (1:1.09).”
t0“CHRYSANTHEMUM”
Claim · model-written summary
0.6% humic acid yielded cost benefit ratio of 1:1.09.
- Taxon
- CHRYSANTHEMUMChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- 0.6% humic acide0
- Outcome
- cost benefit ratioe0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 1:1.09e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly in case of floral attributes the same treatment i.e. 0.6% humic acid showed earliness in 1 st bud appearance (64.85 days), first flower opening (94.50 days), days taken for 50% flowering (104.50 days), maximum flowers per plant (89.00), number of flowers per plot (988.42),maximum cut sprays per plant (21.25), maximum flower diameter (11.95 cm), spray length (59.29 cm), vase life (14.50days), maximum gross return (53,111.00 /100m 2 ), Net return (27,643.46 / 100m 2 ) and cost benefit ratio (1:1.09).”
t0“CHRYSANTHEMUM”
Claim · model-written summary
A 0.4% humic acid spray prolonged flowering to 24.75 days.
- Taxon
- CHRYSANTHEMUMChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- 0.4% humic acide0
- Outcome
- duration of floweringe0
- Direction
- prolongede0
- Value
- 24.75 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants treated with 0.4% humic acid showed a prolonged duration of flowering (24.75 days).”
t0“CHRYSANTHEMUM”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 0.6% foliar humic acid for chrysanthemum flower production.
- Taxon
- CHRYSANTHEMUMChrysanthemumt0
- Outcome
- foliar application of humic acid at 0.6%e0
- Setting
- temperate region of Uttarakhande0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of humic acid at 0.6% was found most effective and economical viable for enhancing flower production of chrysanthemum in temperate region of Uttarakhand.”
t0“CHRYSANTHEMUM”
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