Abstract
The pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), poses a significant threat to Bt cotton cultivation in India due to field-level resistance against Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab toxins. Existing pest management tactics have proven inadequate. To address this, homozygous susceptible (RR) male moths were mass-reared in the laboratory and released into Bt Bollgard II® cotton fields. Success was enhanced by trapping and removing feral resistant males with pheromone traps prior to releasing susceptible males. The effectiveness was assessed using bioassays, resistance dilution genetics, fitness cost estimation, field validation, and gene expression analysis. Resistance dilution was evident in both laboratory back-cross progenies and field progenies from feral females mated with released susceptible males. Resistance was autosomal with recessive inheritance for both Cry toxins. In treated plots, boll damage and larval numbers were significantly reduced. Genes linked to Bt resistance, including PgCad1 , PgABCA2 , APN , and ABCG8 , showed significant down regulation (−4.93, −2.63, −1.73, and −1.49 fold, respectively), indicating partial restoration of susceptibility in field-collected larvae following mating (Field-R ♀ × Lab-S ♂). These findings highlight the potential of mass-releasing susceptible males as an effective and sustainable strategy for managing Bt-resistant pink bollworm, providing an alternative to traditional insecticide-based approaches.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Mating with released susceptible males diluted pink bollworm resistance in laboratory and field progeny.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume2 - Treatment
- released susceptible malese0
- Interactor
- pink bollworm
Pectinophora gossypiellat0pest - Outcome
- Resistance dilutione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Resistance dilution was evident in both laboratory back-cross progenies and field progenies from feral females mated with released susceptible males.”
t0“pink bollworm: A semi-field validated strategy”
t1“Bt resistance in pink bollworm”
e2“Bt cotton cultivation in India”
Claim · model-written summary
Pink bollworm resistance to both Cry toxins was autosomal and recessive.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume2
- Interactor
- pink bollwormPectinophora gossypiellat1pest
- Outcome
- Resistance was autosomal with recessive inheritancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Resistance was autosomal with recessive inheritance for both Cry toxins.”
t0“Bollgard II® Bt”
t1“pink bollworm”
e2“Bt cotton cultivation in India”
Claim · model-written summary
boll damage decreased in treated Bt cotton plots.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume2
- Treatment
- treated plotse0
- Interactor
- pink bollwormPectinophora gossypiellat1pest
- Outcome
- boll damagee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In treated plots, boll damage and larval numbers were significantly reduced.”
t0“Bollgard II® Bt”
t1“pink bollworm”
e2“Bt cotton cultivation in India”
Claim · model-written summary
larval numbers decreased in treated Bt cotton plots.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume2
- Treatment
- treated plotse0
- Interactor
- pink bollwormPectinophora gossypiellat1pest
- Outcome
- larval numberse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In treated plots, boll damage and larval numbers were significantly reduced.”
t0“Bollgard II® Bt”
t1“pink bollworm”
e2“Bt cotton cultivation in India”
Claim · model-written summary
PgCad1 was downregulated −4.93 fold in field-collected pink bollworm larvae after mating.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume2
- Interactor
- pink bollwormPectinophora gossypiellat1pest
- Gene
- PgCad1e0
- Outcome
- down regulatione0
- Direction
- down regulatione0
- Value
- −4.93e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Genes linked to Bt resistance, including PgCad1 , PgABCA2 , APN , and ABCG8 , showed significant down regulation (−4.93, −2.63, −1.73, and −1.49 fold, respectively), indicating partial restoration of susceptibility in field-collected larvae following mating (Field-R ♀ × Lab-S ♂).”
t0“Bollgard II® Bt”
t1“pink bollworm”
e2“Bt cotton cultivation in India”
Claim · model-written summary
PgABCA2 was downregulated −2.63 fold in field-collected pink bollworm larvae after mating.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume2
- Interactor
- pink bollwormPectinophora gossypiellat1pest
- Gene
- PgABCA2e0
- Outcome
- down regulatione0
- Direction
- down regulatione0
- Value
- −2.63e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Genes linked to Bt resistance, including PgCad1 , PgABCA2 , APN , and ABCG8 , showed significant down regulation (−4.93, −2.63, −1.73, and −1.49 fold, respectively), indicating partial restoration of susceptibility in field-collected larvae following mating (Field-R ♀ × Lab-S ♂).”
t0“Bollgard II® Bt”
t1“pink bollworm”
e2“Bt cotton cultivation in India”
Claim · model-written summary
APN was downregulated −1.73 fold in field-collected pink bollworm larvae after mating.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume2
- Interactor
- pink bollwormPectinophora gossypiellat1pest
- Gene
- APNe0
- Outcome
- down regulatione0
- Direction
- down regulatione0
- Value
- −1.73e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Genes linked to Bt resistance, including PgCad1 , PgABCA2 , APN , and ABCG8 , showed significant down regulation (−4.93, −2.63, −1.73, and −1.49 fold, respectively), indicating partial restoration of susceptibility in field-collected larvae following mating (Field-R ♀ × Lab-S ♂).”
t0“Bollgard II® Bt”
t1“pink bollworm”
e2“Bt cotton cultivation in India”
Claim · model-written summary
ABCG8 was downregulated −1.49 fold in field-collected pink bollworm larvae after mating.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume2
- Interactor
- pink bollwormPectinophora gossypiellat1pest
- Gene
- ABCG8e0
- Outcome
- down regulatione0
- Direction
- down regulatione0
- Value
- −1.49e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Genes linked to Bt resistance, including PgCad1 , PgABCA2 , APN , and ABCG8 , showed significant down regulation (−4.93, −2.63, −1.73, and −1.49 fold, respectively), indicating partial restoration of susceptibility in field-collected larvae following mating (Field-R ♀ × Lab-S ♂).”
t0“Bollgard II® Bt”
t1“pink bollworm”
e2“Bt cotton cultivation in India”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpreted gene downregulation as partial restoration of pink bollworm susceptibility.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume2
- Interactor
- pink bollwormPectinophora gossypiellat1pest
- Gene
- Genes linked to Bt resistancee0
- Outcome
- partial restoration of susceptibilitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Genes linked to Bt resistance, including PgCad1 , PgABCA2 , APN , and ABCG8 , showed significant down regulation (−4.93, −2.63, −1.73, and −1.49 fold, respectively), indicating partial restoration of susceptibility in field-collected larvae following mating (Field-R ♀ × Lab-S ♂).”
t0“Bollgard II® Bt”
t1“pink bollworm”
e2“Bt cotton cultivation in India”
The same questions in other papers
maleate(2-) · Pectinophora gossypiella · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.