Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.), being a heavy nutrient feeder, improper application of nutrients may cause nutrient deficiency in maize, resulting in yield loss. Considering these, the present study was carried out during the Rabi seasons (November-March) of 2021-22 and 2022-23 at P. G. Research Farm of Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India. The study was designed by adopting a randomized block design with 13 treatments and they were replicated three times. The treatments were: T₁: recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) (120-60-60 kg/ha), T₂: 125% RDF, T₃: 75% RDF, T₄: 150% RDF, T₅: RDF + nano urea, T₆: 75% RDF + nano Urea, T₇: leaf colour chart (LCC) ≤ 4, T₈: LCC ≤ 5, T₉: chlorophyll content meter (CCM) at sufficiency index less than 90%, T₁₀: CCM sufficiency index less than 95%, T₁₁: Nutrient Expert (NE) targeted yield 7 t/ha, T₁₂: NE targeted yield 9 t/ha and T₁₃: absolute control. Results of the study revealed that the highest grain and biological yield was noted with the CCM-based sufficiency index less than 95%. The highest agronomic nitrogen use efficiency was recorded with CCM sufficiency index less than 90%, NE targeted yield 9 t/ha and 125% RDF. The highest agronomic phosphorus and potassium use efficiencies were observed with the CCM sufficiency index less than 95%, followed by NE targeted yield 9 t/ha and 125% RDF. The CCM sufficiency index less than 95% showed the highest physiological use efficiencies of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, with 150% RDF, 125% RDF and CCM sufficiency Index less than 90% remained close behind. Apparent recovery efficiency (ARE) and partial factor productivity (PFP) for all nutrients registered the highest value in the CCM sufficiency index less than 95%, followed by the CCM sufficiency index less than 90%, NE targeted yield 9 t/ha, 150% RDF and 125% RDF. Nutrient harvest index (NHI) for nitrogen and phosphorus exceeded that of potassium, with the highest NHI noted with the absolute control. Among nutrient-applied treatments, 75% RDF showed the highest NHI, followed by 125% RDF and 100% RDF.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
The CCM sufficiency index below 95% gave the highest grain and biological yield of maize.
- Treatment
- CCM-based sufficiency index less than 95%e1
- Outcome
- grain and biological yielde1
- Direction
- higheste1
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e1“the highest grain and biological yield was noted with the CCM-based sufficiency index less than 95%”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest agronomic nitrogen use efficiency of maize was recorded with CCM sufficiency index below 90%, NE targeted yield 9 t/ha and 125% RDF.
- Treatment
- CCM sufficiency index less than 90%, NE targeted yield 9 t/ha and 125% RDFe2
- Outcome
- agronomic nitrogen use efficiencye2
- Direction
- higheste2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e2“The highest agronomic nitrogen use efficiency was recorded with CCM sufficiency index less than 90%, NE targeted yield 9 t/ha and 125% RDF”
Claim · model-written summary
The CCM sufficiency index below 95% gave the highest agronomic phosphorus and potassium use efficiencies, followed by NE targeted yield 9 t/ha and 125% RDF.
- Treatment
- CCM sufficiency index less than 95%e3
- Outcome
- agronomic phosphorus and potassium use efficienciese3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Comparator
- NE targeted yield 9 t/ha and 125% RDFe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e3“The highest agronomic phosphorus and potassium use efficiencies were observed with the CCM sufficiency index less than 95%, followed by NE targeted yield 9 t/ha and 125% RDF”
Claim · model-written summary
The CCM sufficiency index below 95% gave the highest physiological use efficiencies of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in maize.
- Treatment
- CCM sufficiency index less than 95%e4
- Outcome
- physiological use efficiencies of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassiume4
- Direction
- higheste4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e4“The CCM sufficiency index less than 95% showed the highest physiological use efficiencies of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium”
Claim · model-written summary
The CCM sufficiency index below 95% gave the highest apparent recovery efficiency and partial factor productivity for all nutrients.
- Treatment
- CCM sufficiency index less than 95%e5
- Outcome
- Apparent recovery efficiency (ARE) and partial factor productivity (PFP)e5
- Direction
- higheste5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e5“Apparent recovery efficiency (ARE) and partial factor productivity (PFP) for all nutrients registered the highest value in the CCM sufficiency index less than 95%”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient harvest index for nitrogen and phosphorus exceeded that for potassium in maize.
- Outcome
- Nutrient harvest index (NHI) for nitrogen and phosphoruse6
- Direction
- exceedede6
- Comparator
- potassiume6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e6“Nutrient harvest index (NHI) for nitrogen and phosphorus exceeded that of potassium”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest nutrient harvest index of maize was noted with the absolute control.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e7“with the highest NHI noted with the absolute control”
Claim · model-written summary
Among nutrient-applied treatments, 75% RDF gave the highest nutrient harvest index of maize, followed by 125% RDF and 100% RDF.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e1“Among nutrient-applied treatments, 75% RDF showed the highest NHI, followed by 125% RDF and 100% RDF”
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