Abstract
Temperature is a crucial environmental cue that governs plant growth and adaptation in natural habitats. PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) functions as a central regulator promoting thermomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis. An understanding of its precise regulation is essential for optimal thermomorphogenic growth. Here, we identified two BBX proteins, BBX24 and BBX25, as novel components of the PIF4-mediated thermosensory pathway that promote growth at elevated temperatures. Single and double mutants of bbx24 and bbx25 exhibit moderate to strong temperature-insensitive hypocotyl and cotyledon growth. Elevated temperatures induce BBX24 and BBX25 mRNA expression and protein accumulation. Genetic and biochemical analyses reveal that BBX24 and BBX25 enhance PIF4-mediated thermosensory growth by counteracting ELF3, a key component of the evening complex. Whereas ELF3 represses BBX24 and BBX25 gene expression at low ambient temperatures during the evening, the inhibition of ELF3 activity under elevated temperatures increases BBX24 and BBX25 activity. Moreover, BBX24 and BBX25 suppress ELF3 function through direct physical interaction, likely relieving its repression of PIF4 and enhancing thermomorphogenesis. These findings identify the ELF3-BBX24/BBX25-PIF4 axis as a key regulatory module controlling plant growth and development in response to temperature cues.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
BBX24 and BBX25 were identified as components promoting PIF4-mediated growth at elevated temperature.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Gene
- BBX24 and BBX25e0
- Outcome
- growth at elevated temperaturese0
- Direction
- promotee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Here, we identified two BBX proteins, BBX24 and BBX25, as novel components of the PIF4-mediated thermosensory pathway that promote growth at elevated temperatures.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
bbx24 and bbx25 single and double mutants had moderate to strong temperature-insensitive hypocotyl and cotyledon growth.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- bbx24 and bbx25e0
- Organ / stage
- hypocotyl and cotyledone0
- Outcome
- temperature-insensitive hypocotyl and cotyledon growthe0
- Qualifier
- moderate to stronge0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Single and double mutants of bbx24 and bbx25 exhibit moderate to strong temperature-insensitive hypocotyl and cotyledon growth.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated temperature induced BBX24 and BBX25 mRNA expression.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- Elevated temperaturese0
- Gene
- BBX24 and BBX25e0
- Outcome
- BBX24 and BBX25 mRNA expressione0
- Direction
- inducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated temperatures induce BBX24 and BBX25 mRNA expression and protein accumulation.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated temperature induced BBX24 and BBX25 protein accumulation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- Elevated temperaturese0
- Gene
- BBX24 and BBX25e0
- Outcome
- protein accumulatione0
- Direction
- inducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated temperatures induce BBX24 and BBX25 mRNA expression and protein accumulation.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
BBX24 and BBX25 enhanced PIF4-mediated thermosensory growth by counteracting ELF3.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- BBX24 and BBX25e0
- Outcome
- PIF4-mediated thermosensory growthe0
- Direction
- enhancee0
- Qualifier
- counteracting ELF3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Genetic and biochemical analyses reveal that BBX24 and BBX25 enhance PIF4-mediated thermosensory growth by counteracting ELF3, a key component of the evening complex.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
ELF3 repressed BBX24 and BBX25 expression at low ambient temperature during evening.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- ELF3e0
- Outcome
- BBX24 and BBX25 gene expressione0
- Direction
- repressese0
- Qualifier
- at low ambient temperatures during the eveninge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Whereas ELF3 represses BBX24 and BBX25 gene expression at low ambient temperatures during the evening, the inhibition of ELF3 activity under elevated temperatures increases BBX24 and BBX25 activity.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibition of ELF3 at elevated temperature increased BBX24 and BBX25 activity.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- ELF3e0
- Outcome
- BBX24 and BBX25 activitye0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Qualifier
- under elevated temperaturese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the inhibition of ELF3 activity under elevated temperatures increases BBX24 and BBX25 activity.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
BBX24 and BBX25 directly interacted with ELF3 and likely relieved its repression of PIF4.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- BBX24 and BBX25e0
- Outcome
- ELF3 functione0
- Direction
- suppresse0
- Qualifier
- through direct physical interactione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BBX24 and BBX25 suppress ELF3 function through direct physical interaction, likely relieving its repression of PIF4 and enhancing thermomorphogenesis.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
The same questions in other papers
heat · molecular: expression · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 18 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- no effect
25 papers more in this group
See all 29 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.