Paper · 2025 · Sains Tanah - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology

Enhancing soil carbon stocks and soybean yields in coastal areas through the application of biofertilizers

Yudhi Harini Bertham; Kartika Utami; Elsa Lolita Putri; et al.

8
claims
14
verbatim quotes
1
citations
3
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by-nc

Abstract

Climate change driven by increased concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has a significant impact on agricultural systems, particularly in coastal areas that are prone to rising salinity and decreased soil quality. The application of biofertilizers as a strategy for enhancing soil carbon stocks is crucial, given their role in promoting microbial activity and nutrient availability, leading to soil fertility. This study aimed to evaluate the role of biofertilizers in increasing soil carbon stocks and soybean yields in coastal areas. The research was conducted from April to December 2024 in Bengkulu City. The field experiment was designed in a split-plot design, with the main plot was soybean varieties at two levels (i.e., Anjasmoro and Dering I), and the subplot was fertilizer inputs at four levels (i.e., recommended inorganic fertilizer, AMF + Bradyrhizobium + potassium solvent, Bradyrhizobium + phosphate solvent + potassium solvent, and Bioenzyme). The application of biofertilizers and bioenzymes effectively increased soil carbon stock. The potassium-solubilizing microbial population had a greater influence on carbon stocks than the phosphate-solubilizing population and AMF. The use of biofertilizers and bioenzymes also improved soil biological properties and nutrient absorption, thereby contributing to increase soybean yields. This study provides evidence to support government policies promoting biofertilizer use in agriculture, including training and extension programs for farmers, particularly in coastal areas, to improve soil quality, enhance yields, and reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers which are often expensive and can degrade soil quality in the long term.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 8

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Biofertilizers increased soil carbon stock.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxt0
Treatment
biofertilizerse0
Outcome
soil carbon stocke0
Direction
increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The application of biofertilizers and bioenzymes effectively increased soil carbon stock”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 977–1065 · show in text ↑
t0

“soybean”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 33–40 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Bioenzymes increased soil carbon stock.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxt0
Treatment
bioenzymese0
Outcome
soil carbon stocke0
Direction
increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The application of biofertilizers and bioenzymes effectively increased soil carbon stock”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 977–1065 · show in text ↑
t0

“soybean”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 33–40 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Potassium-solubilizing microbes influenced carbon stocks more than phosphate-solubilizing microbes and AMF.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxt0
Interactor
potassium-solubilizing microbial populatione0symbiont
Outcome
carbon stockse0
Direction
greatere0
Comparator
phosphate-solubilizing population and AMFe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The potassium-solubilizing microbial population had a greater influence on carbon stocks than the phosphate-solubilizing population and AMF”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1067–1206 · show in text ↑
t0

“soybean”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 33–40 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Biofertilizers improved soil biological properties and nutrient absorption.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxt0
Treatment
biofertilizerse0
Outcome
soil biological properties and nutrient absorptione0
Direction
improvede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The use of biofertilizers and bioenzymes also improved soil biological properties and nutrient absorption”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1208–1313 · show in text ↑
t0

“soybean”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 33–40 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Bioenzymes improved soil biological properties and nutrient absorption.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxt0
Treatment
bioenzymese0
Outcome
soil biological properties and nutrient absorptione0
Direction
improvede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The use of biofertilizers and bioenzymes also improved soil biological properties and nutrient absorption”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1208–1313 · show in text ↑
t0

“soybean”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 33–40 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Biofertilizers increased soybean yields.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxe0
Treatment
biofertilizerse0
Outcome
soybean yieldse0
Direction
increasee0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The use of biofertilizers and bioenzymes also improved soil biological properties and nutrient absorption, thereby contributing to increase soybean yields”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1208–1362 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Bioenzymes increased soybean yields.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxe0
Treatment
bioenzymese0
Outcome
soybean yieldse0
Direction
increasee0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The use of biofertilizers and bioenzymes also improved soil biological properties and nutrient absorption, thereby contributing to increase soybean yields”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1208–1362 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Authors support policies promoting biofertilizer use in coastal agriculture.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxt0
Outcome
government policies promoting biofertilizer use in agriculturee0
Setting
coastal arease0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“support government policies promoting biofertilizer use in agriculture, including training and extension programs for farmers, particularly in coastal areas, to improve soil quality, enhance yields, and reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1396–1640 · show in text ↑
t0

“soybean”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 33–40 · show in text ↑

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inoculation · nutrient: content · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results

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inoculation · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results

566 papers: 491 positive, 75 negative or no effect

490 papers in the same direction as this paper · 63 in the opposite direction · 12 reporting no difference from an alternative

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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.