Abstract
ABSTRACT Drought and alkaline stresses inhibit the symbiosis between soybean and rhizobia; however, the spatial distribution of metabolites within nodules under these stresses remains unknown. To address this gap, we used mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) to analyze metabolic alterations in different nodule regions under drought and alkaline stresses. A total of 3456 metabolites were detected in nodules and substances whose spatial distribution was altered by drought or alkaline stress were screened. Interestingly, the spatial distribution of the two most abundant isoflavones in soybean, malonyldaidzin and malonylgenistin, which serve as precursors for rhizobia-communication signaling molecules, was also affected by stresses. Spatial transcriptomic data revealed that the cortical-specific expression pattern of GmMaT2 (isoflavone malonyltransferase) matched the metabolite distribution. Further analysis identified GmbZIP59 as a transcriptional activator of GmMaT2, whose expression decreased under stress conditions. These results demonstrate that drought and alkaline stresses disrupt the spatial organization of flavonoid metabolism in nodules, potentially affecting symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Our findings provide new insights into the metabolic adaptation mechanisms of soybean nodules under abiotic stress.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Mass spectrometry imaging detected 3456 metabolites in soybean nodules.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Organ / stage
- nodulese0
- Outcome
- metabolites were detectede0
- Value
- 3456e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A total of 3456 metabolites were detected in nodules”
t0“soybean nodules”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought or alkaline stress affected the spatial distribution in nodules of malonyldaidzin and malonylgenistin, the two most abundant soybean isoflavones and precursors of rhizobia-communication signaling molecules.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- stressese0
- Outcome
- spatial distribution of the two most abundant isoflavonese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the spatial distribution of the two most abundant isoflavones in soybean, malonyldaidzin and malonylgenistin, which serve as precursors for rhizobia-communication signaling molecules, was also affected by stresses”
Claim · model-written summary
The cortical-specific expression pattern of GmMaT2 (isoflavone malonyltransferase) in soybean nodules matched the metabolite distribution.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Gene
- GmMaT2e0
- Outcome
- cortical-specific expression patterne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the cortical-specific expression pattern of GmMaT2 (isoflavone malonyltransferase) matched the metabolite distribution”
t0“soybean nodules”
Claim · model-written summary
GmbZIP59 was identified as a transcriptional activator of GmMaT2 in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Gene
- GmbZIP59e0
- Outcome
- transcriptional activator of GmMaT2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Further analysis identified GmbZIP59 as a transcriptional activator of GmMaT2”
t0“soybean nodules”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of the gene named in the clause (GmbZIP59 or GmMaT2; the antecedent of "whose" is ambiguous) decreased under stress conditions.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- stress conditionse0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Schema note from the model: antecedent of "whose" is ambiguous (GmbZIP59 or GmMaT2)
Verbatim
e0“whose expression decreased under stress conditions”
t0“soybean nodules”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought and alkaline stresses disrupt the spatial organization of flavonoid metabolism in soybean nodules, potentially affecting symbiotic nitrogen fixation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- nodulese0
- Treatment
- drought and alkaline stressese0
- Outcome
- spatial organization of flavonoid metabolisme0
- Direction
- disrupte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“drought and alkaline stresses disrupt the spatial organization of flavonoid metabolism in nodules”
t0“soybean nodules”
The same questions in other papers
drought · quality: phytochemicals · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.