Abstract
The growth of different grafted guava was different as affected by grafting on different rootstock varieties, which also influenced the damage degree of Spodoptera litura larvae. The co-regulation of the pest gut by rhizosphere microorganisms and root exudates may contribute to this differential damage. In this study, the microorganisms of soil, plants, S. litura larvae and root exudates of guava grafted on different rootstock varieties were analysed and compared. The activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase in the midgut of S. litura larvae feeding on heterograft leaves of guava (where rootstock and scion are of the different variety) were significantly higher than those in the midgut of S. litura larvae feeding on homograft leaves of guava (where rootstock and scion are of the same variety), and glutathione s-transferase activity showed an opposite result. Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia spp. were the two bacterial genera with the greatest difference in abundance in the midgut of S. litura larvae and exhibited a negative correlation with each other. The root system of guava influenced the root structure, soil nutrients and the population structure and diversity of rhizosphere microorganisms by regulating the type and amount of root exudates. Root exudates also influenced the physiological and biochemical status of S. litura larvae by regulating the rhizosphere microorganisms driving the tritrophic interaction of plant-microbes-insects. Based on our results and the observed differences in pest occurrence among different grafted plants, improving varieties through grafting may become an effective strategy to reduce the impact of insect pests on guava.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Larvae feeding on heterograft guava leaves had significantly higher midgut superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase activities than larvae on homograft leaves.
- Taxon
- guava
Psidium guajavat0 - Treatment
- heterograft leaves of guavae1
- Interactor
- S. litura
Spodoptera liturae1pest - Outcome
- superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalasee1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- homograft leaves of guavae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Guava root exudate”
e1“The activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase in the midgut of S. litura larvae feeding on heterograft leaves of guava (where rootstock and scion are of the different variety) were significantly higher than those in the midgut of S. litura larvae feeding on homograft leaves of guava (where rootstock and scion are of the same variety)”
Claim · model-written summary
Larvae feeding on heterograft guava leaves had lower midgut glutathione s-transferase activity than larvae on homograft leaves.
- Taxon
- guavaPsidium guajavat0
- Treatment
- heterograft leaves of guavae1
- Interactor
- S. lituraSpodoptera liturae1pest
- Outcome
- glutathione s-transferase activitye2
- Direction
- lowerinferrede2
- Comparator
- homograft leaves of guavae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Guava root exudate”
e1“The activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase in the midgut of S. litura larvae feeding on heterograft leaves of guava (where rootstock and scion are of the different variety) were significantly higher than those in the midgut of S. litura larvae feeding on homograft leaves of guava (where rootstock and scion are of the same variety)”
e2“glutathione s-transferase activity showed an opposite result”
Claim · model-written summary
Enterococcus and Escherichia, the two bacterial genera with the greatest abundance difference in larval midgut, were negatively correlated with each other.
- Taxon
- guavaPsidium guajavat0
- Interactor
- Enterococcus spp.
Enterococcuse3symbiont - Second interactor
- Escherichia spp.
Escherichiae3symbiont - Outcome
- abundancee3
- Direction
- negative correlatione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Guava root exudate”
e3“Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia spp. were the two bacterial genera with the greatest difference in abundance in the midgut of S. litura larvae and exhibited a negative correlation with each other”
Claim · model-written summary
The guava root system influenced the population structure and diversity of rhizosphere microorganisms by regulating root exudates.
- Taxon
- guavaPsidium guajavat0
- Organ / stage
- root systeme4
- Outcome
- population structure and diversity of rhizosphere microorganismse4
- Qualifier
- by regulating the type and amount of root exudatese4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Guava root exudate”
e4“The root system of guava influenced the root structure, soil nutrients and the population structure and diversity of rhizosphere microorganisms by regulating the type and amount of root exudates”
Claim · model-written summary
Root exudates appear to influence the physiological and biochemical status of S. litura larvae by regulating rhizosphere microorganisms.
- Taxon
- guavaPsidium guajavat0
- Interactor
- S. lituraSpodoptera liturae5pest
- Outcome
- physiological and biochemical status of S. litura larvaee5
- Qualifier
- by regulating the rhizosphere microorganismse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Guava root exudate”
e5“Root exudates also influenced the physiological and biochemical status of S. litura larvae by regulating the rhizosphere microorganisms driving the tritrophic interaction of plant-microbes-insects”
Claim · model-written summary
Improving guava varieties through grafting may reduce the impact of insect pests.
- Taxon
- guavaPsidium guajavae6
- Treatment
- graftinge6
- Outcome
- reduce the impact of insect pestse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“improving varieties through grafting may become an effective strategy to reduce the impact of insect pests on guava”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafting on different rootstock varieties influenced the damage degree caused by Spodoptera litura larvae on guava.
- Taxon
- guavaPsidium guajavae7
- Treatment
- grafting on different rootstock varietiese7
- Interactor
- Spodoptera lituraSpodoptera liturae7pest
- Outcome
- damage degreee7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“The growth of different grafted guava was different as affected by grafting on different rootstock varieties, which also influenced the damage degree of Spodoptera litura larvae”
Claim · model-written summary
Guava growth differed between grafted plants on different rootstock varieties.
- Taxon
- guavaPsidium guajavae7
- Treatment
- grafting on different rootstock varietiese7
- Outcome
- growthe7
- Direction
- differente7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“The growth of different grafted guava was different as affected by grafting on different rootstock varieties, which also influenced the damage degree of Spodoptera litura larvae”