Abstract
Straw return enhances soil biological properties by increasing carbon and energy availability, thereby improving conditions for microbial communities. However, the introduction of beneficial bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis, can further shape the rhizosphere bacterial composition. In this study, we combined sugarcane straw return with B. subtilis inoculation to test whether this synergy reduces microbial specialization in the sugarcane rhizosphere. Three treatments were evaluated: (I) bulk soil (bulk), (II) rhizosphere soil with straw return but no B. subtilis inoculation (straw), and (III) rhizosphere soil with straw return and B. subtilis inoculation (straw + Bacillus). The bacterial community, including plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), was analyzed via 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Neither straw return nor B. subtilis inoculation significantly altered bacterial richness, diversity, or phylum-level abundance in the rhizosphere. Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria dominated the community, with Bacillus, Bradyrhizobium, and Paenibacillus as the predominant PGPB genera. Notably, only Bradyrhizobium abundance increased in the rhizosphere when straw was co-applied with B. subtilis. A co-occurrence network analysis revealed stronger microbial interactions under straw return, while B. subtilis enhanced connectivity among the PGPB. Although niche occupancy remained stable, PGPB specialization was higher with straw alone, suggesting that B. subtilis fosters a more generalist community. In conclusion, while straw return and B. subtilis inoculation did not affect overall bacterial diversity, B. subtilis increased PGPB interactions and reduced functional specialization, promoting a more generalized microbial community.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Straw return did not significantly alter bacterial richness, diversity or phylum-level abundance in the sugarcane rhizosphere.
- Taxon
- Sugarcanet1
- Treatment
- straw returne0
- Outcome
- bacterial richness, diversity, or phylum-level abundancee0
- Setting
- rhizospheree0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
t1“Sugarcane Rhizosphere”
e0“Neither straw return nor B. subtilis inoculation significantly altered bacterial richness, diversity, or phylum-level abundance in the rhizosphere”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis inoculation did not significantly alter bacterial richness, diversity or phylum-level abundance in the sugarcane rhizosphere.
- Taxon
- Sugarcanet1
- Treatment
- B. subtilis inoculatione0
- Interactor
- B. subtilis
Bacillus subtilise0symbiont - Outcome
- bacterial richness, diversity, or phylum-level abundancee0
- Setting
- rhizospheree0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Sugarcane Rhizosphere”
e0“Neither straw return nor B. subtilis inoculation significantly altered bacterial richness, diversity, or phylum-level abundance in the rhizosphere”
Claim · model-written summary
Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria dominated the sugarcane rhizosphere bacterial community.
Verbatim
t1“Sugarcane Rhizosphere”
e0“Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria dominated the community, with Bacillus, Bradyrhizobium, and Paenibacillus as the predominant PGPB genera”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus, Bradyrhizobium and Paenibacillus were the predominant PGPB genera in the sugarcane rhizosphere.
Verbatim
t1“Sugarcane Rhizosphere”
e0“Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria dominated the community, with Bacillus, Bradyrhizobium, and Paenibacillus as the predominant PGPB genera”
Claim · model-written summary
Bradyrhizobium abundance increased in the sugarcane rhizosphere when straw was co-applied with B. subtilis.
- Taxon
- Sugarcanet1
- Treatment
- straw was co-applied with B. subtilise0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium
Bradyrhizobiume0symbiont - Outcome
- Bradyrhizobium abundancee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- rhizospheree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Sugarcane Rhizosphere”
e0“only Bradyrhizobium abundance increased in the rhizosphere when straw was co-applied with B. subtilis”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw return produced stronger microbial interactions in the sugarcane rhizosphere.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t1“Sugarcane Rhizosphere”
e0“A co-occurrence network analysis revealed stronger microbial interactions under straw return, while B. subtilis enhanced connectivity among the PGPB”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis enhanced connectivity among the PGPB in the sugarcane rhizosphere.
- Taxon
- Sugarcanet1
- Treatment
- B. subtilise0
- Interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise0symbiont
- Outcome
- connectivity among the PGPBe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Sugarcane Rhizosphere”
e0“A co-occurrence network analysis revealed stronger microbial interactions under straw return, while B. subtilis enhanced connectivity among the PGPB”
Claim · model-written summary
Niche occupancy of the sugarcane rhizosphere PGPB remained stable.
Verbatim
t1“Sugarcane Rhizosphere”
e0“Although niche occupancy remained stable, PGPB specialization was higher with straw alone, suggesting that B. subtilis fosters a more generalist community”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPB specialization was higher with straw alone than in the other treatments.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t1“Sugarcane Rhizosphere”
e0“Although niche occupancy remained stable, PGPB specialization was higher with straw alone, suggesting that B. subtilis fosters a more generalist community”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis reduced functional specialization of the sugarcane rhizosphere bacterial community.
- Taxon
- Sugarcanet1
- Treatment
- B. subtilise0
- Interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise0symbiont
- Outcome
- functional specializatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Sugarcane Rhizosphere”
e0“B. subtilis increased PGPB interactions and reduced functional specialization, promoting a more generalized microbial community”
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See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.