Abstract
Silicon has emerged as a beneficial element in mitigating water deficit in various crops, although the underlying mechanisms still require further investigation. This study evaluated the foliar content of nutrients (N, P, K, and Ca) and proline, antioxidant activity, growth, water use efficiency, and yield of cowpea cultivars subjected to two irrigation depths (50% and 100% of crop evapotranspiration) and a foliar application of silicon (orthosilicic acid). A field experiment was conducted in a split-plot scheme using the randomized block design with four replications in a semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil. Silicon supplementation increased the foliar contents of N, P, and Ca; stimulated proline synthesis; and enhanced the activity of the SOD, CAT, and APX enzymes. These changes promoted growth, improved water use efficiency, and increased crop yield. The results indicate that foliar silicon application mitigates the effects of water deficit in cowpea plants while enhancing crop performance under full irrigation (100% of crop evapotranspiration), leading to higher yields even under favorable water conditions.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon supplementation increased foliar N, P and Ca contents in cowpea.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatae2 - Organ / stage
- foliare1
- Treatment
- foliar application of silicon (orthosilicic acid)e2
- Outcome
- foliar contents of N, P, and Cae1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Silicon supplementation increased the foliar contents of N, P, and Ca”
e2“cowpea cultivars subjected to two irrigation depths (50% and 100% of crop evapotranspiration) and a foliar application of silicon (orthosilicic acid)”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon supplementation stimulated proline synthesis in cowpea.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae2
- Treatment
- foliar application of silicon (orthosilicic acid)e2
- Outcome
- proline synthesise1
- Direction
- stimulatede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“stimulated proline synthesis”
e2“cowpea cultivars subjected to two irrigation depths (50% and 100% of crop evapotranspiration) and a foliar application of silicon (orthosilicic acid)”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon supplementation enhanced the activity of the SOD, CAT and APX enzymes in cowpea.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae2
- Treatment
- foliar application of silicon (orthosilicic acid)e2
- Gene
- SOD, CAT, and APXe1
- Outcome
- activity of the SOD, CAT, and APX enzymese1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“enhanced the activity of the SOD, CAT, and APX enzymes”
e2“cowpea cultivars subjected to two irrigation depths (50% and 100% of crop evapotranspiration) and a foliar application of silicon (orthosilicic acid)”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon-associated changes promoted cowpea growth.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae2
- Treatment
- foliar application of silicon (orthosilicic acid)e2
- Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- promotede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“These changes promoted growth”
e2“cowpea cultivars subjected to two irrigation depths (50% and 100% of crop evapotranspiration) and a foliar application of silicon (orthosilicic acid)”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon-associated changes improved water use efficiency in cowpea.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae2
- Treatment
- foliar application of silicon (orthosilicic acid)e2
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“improved water use efficiency”
e2“cowpea cultivars subjected to two irrigation depths (50% and 100% of crop evapotranspiration) and a foliar application of silicon (orthosilicic acid)”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon-associated changes increased cowpea crop yield.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae2
- Treatment
- foliar application of silicon (orthosilicic acid)e2
- Outcome
- crop yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“increased crop yield”
e2“cowpea cultivars subjected to two irrigation depths (50% and 100% of crop evapotranspiration) and a foliar application of silicon (orthosilicic acid)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar silicon application mitigates the effects of water deficit in cowpea plants.
- Taxon
- cowpea plantsVigna unguiculatae1
- Treatment
- foliar silicon applicatione1
- Outcome
- effects of water deficite1
- Direction
- mitigatese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“foliar silicon application mitigates the effects of water deficit in cowpea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar silicon application enhanced cowpea crop performance under full irrigation (100% of crop evapotranspiration).
- Taxon
- cowpea plantsVigna unguiculatae1
- Treatment
- foliar silicon applicatione1
- Outcome
- crop performancee1
- Direction
- enhancinge1
- Qualifier
- under full irrigation (100% of crop evapotranspiration)e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“foliar silicon application mitigates the effects of water deficit in cowpea plants while enhancing crop performance under full irrigation (100% of crop evapotranspiration)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar silicon application led to higher cowpea yields even under favorable water conditions.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae2
- Treatment
- foliar application of silicon (orthosilicic acid)e2
- Outcome
- yieldse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- even under favorable water conditionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“leading to higher yields even under favorable water conditions”
e2“cowpea cultivars subjected to two irrigation depths (50% and 100% of crop evapotranspiration) and a foliar application of silicon (orthosilicic acid)”
The same questions in other papers
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1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
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1 paper in the same direction as this paper
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silicon atom · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
silicon atom · nutrient: content · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
silicon atom · physiology: water · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
silicon atom · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
silicon atom · growth · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →application · nutrient: content · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →8 of 13 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.