Abstract
Abstract Aims Climate change threatens agriculture worldwide, and grasslands must adapt to withstand and mitigate the effects of extreme climatic events. While plant diversity may boost resilience, grassland responses to compound drought-heatwave (CDHW) events remain unclear. As young plants are particularly vulnerable to stress, this study investigated the effects of climate extremes during grassland establishment. Methods Two successive CDHWs, simulating average spring and summer stresses in western Europe, were applied to newly established plants from distinct functional groups: perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.), white clover ( Trifolium repens L.), and chicory ( Cichorium intybus L.). Additionally, drought and heatwave components of CDHWs were tested separately to estimate their effects. Climate-controlled growth chambers ensured precise control of environmental conditions, allowing for accurate measurements of plants'morphological and physiological responses. Results Yield responses to CDHW were driven by significant interaction among species, climate, and stress timing. Summer CDHW events reduced yields in white clover and chicory by 73% and 38%, respectively, with drought as the primary driver of stress. This trend was reversed with the occurrence of two successive CDHWs, resulting in an average 22% higher yield compared to summer CDHW alone, highlighting the importance of stress timing and recurrence in priming plants. Notably, chicory yield increased by 45% under spring CDHW conditions compared to control. Conclusion This study underscores the importance of diversifying grassland systems to enhance resilience to climate change. It provides insights into the responses of different species to CDHW events, which can guide the design of multi-species mixtures for the future.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Yield response to compound drought and heatwaves depended on species, climate, and stress timing.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrass
Lolium perennee1 - Treatment
- CDHWe0
- Outcome
- Yield responses to CDHWe0
- Qualifier
- interaction among species, climate, and stress timinge0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield responses to CDHW were driven by significant interaction among species, climate, and stress timing”
e1“perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.), white clover ( Trifolium repens L.), and chicory ( Cichorium intybus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Summer compound drought and heatwave reduced white clover yield by 73%.
- Taxon
- white clover
Trifolium repense0 - Treatment
- Summer CDHW eventse0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 73%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Summer CDHW events reduced yields in white clover and chicory by 73% and 38%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Summer compound drought and heatwave reduced chicory yield by 38%.
- Taxon
- chicory
Cichorium intybuse0 - Treatment
- Summer CDHW eventse0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 38%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Summer CDHW events reduced yields in white clover and chicory by 73% and 38%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought was the main driver of summer compound stress.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense1
- Outcome
- drought as the primary driver of stresse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with drought as the primary driver of stress”
e1“white clover and chicory”
Claim · model-written summary
Two successive compound events produced 22% higher mean yield than summer events alone.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense1
- Treatment
- two successive CDHWse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 22%e0
- Comparator
- summer CDHW alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two successive CDHWs, resulting in an average 22% higher yield compared to summer CDHW alone”
e1“white clover and chicory”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring compound drought and heatwave increased chicory yield by 45% versus control.
- Taxon
- chicoryCichorium intybuse0
- Treatment
- spring CDHW conditionse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 45%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chicory yield increased by 45% under spring CDHW conditions compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend diversification of grassland systems to increase climate resilience.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense1
- Outcome
- diversifying grassland systems to enhance resilience to climate changee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“diversifying grassland systems to enhance resilience to climate change”
e1“white clover and chicory”
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See all 6 papers →drought · yield · Trifolium repens (white clover)Positive and negative results
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See all 15 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.