Abstract
Fruit ripening in tomato fruits comprises dramatic metabolic changes that are regulated by environmental factors. Light not only drives photosynthesis but also acts as a critical signal regulating plant growth, development, and the quality of produce. However, it is unclear how plants sense light signals in the environment to regulate fruit quality. It is demonstrated that the accumulation of Long Hypocotyl 5 (HY5) protein peaks at the breaker stage of fruit maturity, independent of fruit bagging. Genetic manipulation of HY5 reveals that its knockout delays carotenoid synthesis and sucrose conversion, while its overexpression promotes fruit ripening. Molecular and biochemical analyses show that HY5 directly activates the transcript of the key carotenoid synthesis genes, such as Phytoene Synthase 1 (PSY1) and Phytoene Desaturase (PDS), as well as the sucrose metabolism genes, including Lycopersicum Invertase (LIN5, LIN6), Vacuolar Invertase (VI) and Sucrose Synthase (SS1, SS7). Importantly, grafting experiments reveal that HY5 acts as a systemic signal, translocating from leaves to fruits to promote ripening. Furthermore, nightly lighting with red or blue LED greatly improves fruit quality. In summary, the results establish that HY5 as a mobile protein that mediates the systemic light regulation of fruit ripening, offering practical applications for improving fruit quality.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
HY5 protein accumulation peaked at breaker stage regardless of fruit bagging.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Organ / stage
- breaker stage of fruit maturitye0
- Gene
- Long Hypocotyl 5 (HY5) proteine0
- Outcome
- accumulation of Long Hypocotyl 5 (HY5) proteine0
- Direction
- peakse0
- Qualifier
- independent of fruit bagginge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the accumulation of Long Hypocotyl 5 (HY5) protein peaks at the breaker stage of fruit maturity, independent of fruit bagging”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
HY5 knockout delayed carotenoid synthesis.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- knockoute0
- Gene
- HY5e1
- Outcome
- carotenoid synthesise0
- Direction
- delayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“its knockout delays carotenoid synthesis and sucrose conversion”
e1“Genetic manipulation of HY5”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
HY5 knockout delayed sucrose conversion.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- knockoute0
- Gene
- HY5e1
- Outcome
- sucrose conversione0
- Direction
- delayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“its knockout delays carotenoid synthesis and sucrose conversion”
e1“Genetic manipulation of HY5”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
HY5 overexpression promoted fruit ripening.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- overexpressione0
- Gene
- HY5e1
- Outcome
- fruit ripeninge0
- Direction
- promotese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“its overexpression promotes fruit ripening”
e1“Genetic manipulation of HY5”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
HY5 directly activated transcription of PSY1 and PDS.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- HY5e0
- Outcome
- transcript of the key carotenoid synthesis genese0
- Qualifier
- Phytoene Synthase 1 (PSY1) and Phytoene Desaturase (PDS)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HY5 directly activates the transcript of the key carotenoid synthesis genes, such as Phytoene Synthase 1 (PSY1) and Phytoene Desaturase (PDS)”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
HY5 directly activated transcription of LIN5, LIN6, VI, SS1, and SS7.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- HY5e0
- Outcome
- sucrose metabolism genese0
- Qualifier
- Lycopersicum Invertase (LIN5, LIN6), Vacuolar Invertase (VI) and Sucrose Synthase (SS1, SS7)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HY5 directly activates the transcript of the key carotenoid synthesis genes, such as Phytoene Synthase 1 (PSY1) and Phytoene Desaturase (PDS), as well as the sucrose metabolism genes, including Lycopersicum Invertase (LIN5, LIN6), Vacuolar Invertase (VI) and Sucrose Synthase (SS1, SS7)”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafting showed HY5 moves from leaves to fruits and promotes ripening.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- HY5e0
- Outcome
- promote ripeninge0
- Qualifier
- translocating from leaves to fruitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HY5 acts as a systemic signal, translocating from leaves to fruits to promote ripening”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Nightly red LED lighting greatly improved fruit quality.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- rede0
- Outcome
- fruit qualitye0
- Direction
- improvese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nightly lighting with red or blue LED greatly improves fruit quality”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Nightly blue LED lighting greatly improved fruit quality.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- blue LEDe0
- Outcome
- fruit qualitye0
- Direction
- improvese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nightly lighting with red or blue LED greatly improves fruit quality”
t0“Tomato”
The same questions in other papers
light · quality: grain · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.