Abstract
Weed competition is a major biotic constraint in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) cultivation, yet the timing and extent of its impact on yield remain poorly understood. This study quantified the effects of weed interference on quinoa yield and identified dominant weed species across two consecutive growing seasons in the Andean region. We evaluated eight weed management treatments (0 to 105 days after emergence, DAE) using a randomized complete block design. Dicotyledonous species dominated the weed community, including Amaranthus hybridus, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Chenopodium album, and the monocot Echinochloa crus-galli. Weed competition caused a drastic 90% yield reduction, plummeting from 1,352.36 kg ha⁻¹ (weed-free) to 11.55 kg ha⁻¹ when weeds remained until crop maturity. We observed critical yield losses when weeds competed beyond 30 DAE, highlighting the importance of early weed control. We also found significant negative correlations between weed biomass and quinoa growth parameters (plant biomass and grain number; P < 0.05). Echinochloa crus-galli and Polygonum aviculare emerged as key competitors, their dominance shifting with seasonal climatic variations. These findings provide the first empirical basis for integrated weed management in Andean quinoa systems, emphasizing targeted control during early phenological stages to mitigate yield losses. This study advances agroecological strategies for sustainable quinoa production in weed-prone environments.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Dicotyledonous species dominated the weed community.
- Taxon
- quinoa
Chenopodium quinoae1 - Outcome
- Dicotyledonous species dominated the weed communitye0
- Setting
- Andean regione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dicotyledonous species dominated the weed community, including Amaranthus hybridus, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Chenopodium album, and the monocot Echinochloa crus-galli.”
e1“quinoa yield and identified dominant weed species across two consecutive growing seasons in the Andean region.”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed competition reduced quinoa yield by 90% relative to weed-free cultivation.
- Taxon
- quinoaChenopodium quinoae1
- Treatment
- weeds remained until crop maturitye0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 90%e0
- Qualifier
- 11.55 kg ha⁻¹e0
- Comparator
- weed-freee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed competition caused a drastic 90% yield reduction, plummeting from 1,352.36 kg ha⁻¹ (weed-free) to 11.55 kg ha⁻¹ when weeds remained until crop maturity.”
e1“quinoa yield and identified dominant weed species across two consecutive growing seasons in the Andean region.”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield losses became critical when weeds competed beyond 30 days after emergence.
- Taxon
- quinoaChenopodium quinoae1
- Treatment
- weeds competed beyond 30 DAEe0
- Outcome
- yield lossese0
- Direction
- lossese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“critical yield losses when weeds competed beyond 30 DAE”
e1“quinoa yield and identified dominant weed species across two consecutive growing seasons in the Andean region.”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed biomass was negatively correlated with quinoa plant biomass and grain number.
- Taxon
- quinoaChenopodium quinoae0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- plant biomass and grain numbere0
- Direction
- negativee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant negative correlations between weed biomass and quinoa growth parameters (plant biomass and grain number; P < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Echinochloa crus-galli and Polygonum aviculare were key competitors with seasonally shifting dominance.
- Taxon
- quinoaChenopodium quinoae1
- Interactor
- Echinochloa crus-galli
Echinochloa crus-gallie0weed - Second interactor
- Polygonum aviculare
Polygonum avicularee0weed - Outcome
- key competitorse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Echinochloa crus-galli and Polygonum aviculare emerged as key competitors, their dominance shifting with seasonal climatic variations.”
e1“quinoa yield and identified dominant weed species across two consecutive growing seasons in the Andean region.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend targeted early weed control to reduce quinoa yield losses.
- Taxon
- quinoaChenopodium quinoae1
- Outcome
- targeted control during early phenological stagese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“emphasizing targeted control during early phenological stages to mitigate yield losses”
e1“quinoa yield and identified dominant weed species across two consecutive growing seasons in the Andean region.”
The same questions in other papers
stage · yield · Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.