Abstract
The current investigation aimed to assess the impact of sewage sludge on the physico-chemical and bacteriological characteristics of soils cultivated with the forage Triticale “X Triticosecale Wittmack." The sewage sludge was sourced from the activated sludge treatment plant in the city of Béja, in northern Tunisia. These effects were compared with those of the unaltered control plot and the plot treated with chemically fertilized ammonitrates. The findings indicated an enhancement in soil organic content (TOC and organic matter) and a notable increase (S-N-K for p = 0.05) in fertilizing elements (N, P, and K) and trace elements (Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn). Some observed this increase depended on the quantity of sludge added. These outcomes were consistent across both soil horizons examined (0–20 and 20–40 cm). Nevertheless, this practice resulted in a marked rise in soil salinity and contamination by Cd and Pb. The accumulation of Pb in the soil was noticeable with increasing sludge doses of 6, 12, and 18 t/ha, leading to Pb levels surpassing the maximum allowable concentration outlined in the NFU 44-041 standard. The findings revealed that the sewage sludge obtained from Béja contained significant fecal indicator bacteria, particularly fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci (values), as well as enteric pathogens like Salmonella spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The high nutrient content of the sewage sludge also provided an ideal environment for the growth of these microorganisms. Additionally, an increase in the quantity of sewage sludge (6, 12, and 18 t/ha) resulted in the accumulation of Pb in the soil, surpassing the maximum allowable concentration (MAC) specified in the NFU 44-041 standard. Therefore, it is crucial to enhance and restore the bacteriological quality of the sewage sludge from Béja through natural air-drying or thermal drying before its reuse in agriculture and application on agricultural soils.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Sewage sludge increased soil organic content (TOC and organic matter) compared with the unaltered control plot.
- Taxon
- Triticale
×Triticosecalee0 - Treatment
- sewage sludgee0
- Outcome
- soil organic content (TOC and organic matter)e1
- Direction
- enhancemente1
- Qualifier
- depended on the quantity of sludge addede3
- Comparator
- unaltered control plote2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The current investigation aimed to assess the impact of sewage sludge on the physico-chemical and bacteriological characteristics of soils cultivated with the forage Triticale”
e1“The findings indicated an enhancement in soil organic content (TOC and organic matter)”
e2“These effects were compared with those of the unaltered control plot”
e3“Some observed this increase depended on the quantity of sludge added”
Claim · model-written summary
Sewage sludge significantly increased fertilizing elements N, P and K in soil.
- Taxon
- Triticale×Triticosecalee0
- Treatment
- sewage sludgee0
- Outcome
- fertilizing elements (N, P, and K)e1
- Direction
- notable increasee1
- Qualifier
- S-N-K for p = 0.05e1
- Comparator
- unaltered control plote2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The current investigation aimed to assess the impact of sewage sludge on the physico-chemical and bacteriological characteristics of soils cultivated with the forage Triticale”
e1“a notable increase (S-N-K for p = 0.05) in fertilizing elements (N, P, and K)”
e2“These effects were compared with those of the unaltered control plot”
Claim · model-written summary
Sewage sludge significantly increased trace elements Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn in soil.
- Taxon
- Triticale×Triticosecalee0
- Treatment
- sewage sludgee0
- Outcome
- trace elements (Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn)e1
- Direction
- notable increasee1
- Qualifier
- S-N-K for p = 0.05e1
- Comparator
- unaltered control plote2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The current investigation aimed to assess the impact of sewage sludge on the physico-chemical and bacteriological characteristics of soils cultivated with the forage Triticale”
e1“a notable increase (S-N-K for p = 0.05) in fertilizing elements (N, P, and K) and trace elements (Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn)”
e2“These effects were compared with those of the unaltered control plot”
Claim · model-written summary
Sewage sludge markedly raised soil salinity and contamination by Cd and Pb.
- Taxon
- Triticale×Triticosecalee0
- Treatment
- sewage sludgee0
- Outcome
- soil salinity and contamination by Cd and Pbe4
- Direction
- marked risee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The current investigation aimed to assess the impact of sewage sludge on the physico-chemical and bacteriological characteristics of soils cultivated with the forage Triticale”
e4“Nevertheless, this practice resulted in a marked rise in soil salinity and contamination by Cd and Pb”
Claim · model-written summary
Accumulation of Pb in soil increased with sewage sludge doses of 6, 12 and 18 t/ha.
- Taxon
- Triticale×Triticosecalee0
- Treatment
- sludge doses of 6, 12, and 18 t/hae5
- Outcome
- accumulation of Pb in the soile5
- Direction
- increasinge5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The current investigation aimed to assess the impact of sewage sludge on the physico-chemical and bacteriological characteristics of soils cultivated with the forage Triticale”
e5“The accumulation of Pb in the soil was noticeable with increasing sludge doses of 6, 12, and 18 t/ha, leading to Pb levels surpassing the maximum allowable concentration outlined in the NFU 44-041 standard”
Claim · model-written summary
Pb levels in soil surpassed the maximum allowable concentration of the NFU 44-041 standard at sludge doses of 6, 12 and 18 t/ha.
- Taxon
- Triticale×Triticosecalee0
- Outcome
- Pb levelse5
- Direction
- surpassinge5
- Qualifier
- NFU 44-041 standarde5
- Comparator
- maximum allowable concentratione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The current investigation aimed to assess the impact of sewage sludge on the physico-chemical and bacteriological characteristics of soils cultivated with the forage Triticale”
e5“The accumulation of Pb in the soil was noticeable with increasing sludge doses of 6, 12, and 18 t/ha, leading to Pb levels surpassing the maximum allowable concentration outlined in the NFU 44-041 standard”
Claim · model-written summary
Sewage sludge from Béja contained fecal indicator bacteria and enteric pathogens.
- Taxon
- Triticale×Triticosecalee0
- Interactor
- Salmonella spp.
Salmonellae6pathogen - Second interactor
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas aeruginosae6pathogen - Outcome
- fecal indicator bacteriae6
- Setting
- Béjae6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The current investigation aimed to assess the impact of sewage sludge on the physico-chemical and bacteriological characteristics of soils cultivated with the forage Triticale”
e6“The findings revealed that the sewage sludge obtained from Béja contained significant fecal indicator bacteria, particularly fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci (values), as well as enteric pathogens like Salmonella spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa”
Claim · model-written summary
High nutrient content of the sewage sludge provides an ideal environment for the growth of these microorganisms.
- Taxon
- Triticale×Triticosecalee0
- Outcome
- growth of these microorganismse7
- Qualifier
- high nutrient content of the sewage sludgee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The current investigation aimed to assess the impact of sewage sludge on the physico-chemical and bacteriological characteristics of soils cultivated with the forage Triticale”
e7“The high nutrient content of the sewage sludge also provided an ideal environment for the growth of these microorganisms”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacteriological quality of Béja sewage sludge should be enhanced and restored by air-drying or thermal drying before agricultural reuse.
- Taxon
- Triticale×Triticosecalee0
- Outcome
- bacteriological quality of the sewage sludgee1
- Direction
- enhance and restoree1
- Qualifier
- through natural air-drying or thermal dryinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The current investigation aimed to assess the impact of sewage sludge on the physico-chemical and bacteriological characteristics of soils cultivated with the forage Triticale”
e1“Therefore, it is crucial to enhance and restore the bacteriological quality of the sewage sludge from Béja through natural air-drying or thermal drying before its reuse in agriculture”
The same questions in other papers
organic · nutrient: content · x Triticosecale (triticale)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.