Abstract
Phosphorus is an indispensable nutrient for nitrogen metabolism in soybeans. In this study, two P levels were established, 1 mg/L (low-P stress) and 31 mg/L (normal P, CK), by combining 15N labeling with real-time quantitative PCR and the UHPLC-MS/MS method, to analyze soybean nitrogen accumulation, 15N abundance, nodule nitrogen fixation accumulation, nodule nitrogen fixation rate, soluble protein content, the relative expression of phosphorus transporters, amino acid changes, and metabolic pathways. The impacts of phosphorus stress on soybean nitrogen metabolism were explored from the perspectives of nitrogen accumulation and protein metabolism. The results demonstrated that low-P stress promoted the absorption of fertilizer nitrogen by aboveground parts, roots, and nodules of soybeans. However, it significantly inhibited nitrogen accumulation (11.09–95.41%), nodule nitrogen fixation accumulation (21.54–96.21%), and nodule nitrogen fixation rate (2.95–37.75%). The soluble protein content in both leaves and nodules decreased remarkably, while the relative expression of GmPT7 was upregulated in leaves, roots, and nodules under low-P stress. A total of 70 amino acids exhibited alterations, among which 26 amino acids were involved in 37 metabolic pathways, playing a crucial role in regulating the effects of low-P stress on soybean nitrogen metabolism. This study identifies significant alterations in nitrogen accumulation, nodule nitrogen fixation, and the expression of phosphorus transporter genes, providing insights into the metabolic pathways involved in soybean’s adaptation to phosphorus deficiency. This research provides a solid theoretical foundation for further in-depth investigations into the physiological and molecular mechanisms of soybean response to low-P stress.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Low phosphorus promoted fertilizer nitrogen absorption in soybean shoots, roots and nodules.
- Taxon
- soybeans
Glycine maxe0 - Organ / stage
- aboveground parts, roots, and nodulese0
- Treatment
- low-P stresse0
- Outcome
- absorption of fertilizer nitrogene0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Comparator
- normal P, CKe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low-P stress promoted the absorption of fertilizer nitrogen by aboveground parts, roots, and nodules of soybeans”
e1“1 mg/L (low-P stress) and 31 mg/L (normal P, CK)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low phosphorus inhibited soybean nitrogen accumulation by 11.09–95.41%.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- low-P stresse1
- Outcome
- nitrogen accumulatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 11.09–95.41%e0
- Comparator
- normal P, CKe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it significantly inhibited nitrogen accumulation (11.09–95.41%)”
e1“low-P stress promoted the absorption of fertilizer nitrogen by aboveground parts, roots, and nodules of soybeans”
e2“31 mg/L (normal P, CK)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low phosphorus inhibited soybean nodule nitrogen fixation accumulation by 21.54–96.21%.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- low-P stresse1
- Outcome
- nodule nitrogen fixation accumulatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 21.54–96.21%e0
- Comparator
- normal P, CKe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it significantly inhibited nitrogen accumulation (11.09–95.41%), nodule nitrogen fixation accumulation (21.54–96.21%), and nodule nitrogen fixation rate (2.95–37.75%)”
e1“low-P stress promoted the absorption of fertilizer nitrogen by aboveground parts, roots, and nodules of soybeans”
e2“31 mg/L (normal P, CK)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low phosphorus inhibited soybean nodule nitrogen fixation rate by 2.95–37.75%.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- low-P stresse1
- Outcome
- nodule nitrogen fixation ratee0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 2.95–37.75%e0
- Comparator
- normal P, CKe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it significantly inhibited nitrogen accumulation (11.09–95.41%), nodule nitrogen fixation accumulation (21.54–96.21%), and nodule nitrogen fixation rate (2.95–37.75%)”
e1“low-P stress promoted the absorption of fertilizer nitrogen by aboveground parts, roots, and nodules of soybeans”
e2“31 mg/L (normal P, CK)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low phosphorus reduced soluble protein content in soybean leaves and nodules.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- leaves and nodulese0
- Treatment
- low-P stresse1
- Outcome
- soluble protein contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- normal P, CKe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The soluble protein content in both leaves and nodules decreased remarkably”
e1“low-P stress promoted the absorption of fertilizer nitrogen by aboveground parts, roots, and nodules of soybeans”
e2“31 mg/L (normal P, CK)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low phosphorus upregulated GmPT7 expression in soybean leaves, roots and nodules.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- leaves, roots, and nodulese0
- Treatment
- low-P stresse0
- Gene
- GmPT7e0
- Outcome
- relative expression of GmPT7e0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
- Comparator
- normal P, CKe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the relative expression of GmPT7 was upregulated in leaves, roots, and nodules under low-P stress”
e1“low-P stress promoted the absorption of fertilizer nitrogen by aboveground parts, roots, and nodules of soybeans”
e2“31 mg/L (normal P, CK)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seventy soybean amino acids changed under low phosphorus, with 26 in 37 pathways.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- amino acids exhibited alterationse0
- Value
- 70 amino acidse0
- Qualifier
- 26 amino acids were involved in 37 metabolic pathwayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A total of 70 amino acids exhibited alterations, among which 26 amino acids were involved in 37 metabolic pathways”
e1“low-P stress promoted the absorption of fertilizer nitrogen by aboveground parts, roots, and nodules of soybeans”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.