Paper · 2025 · Journal of Plant Nutrition

Physiological, biochemical, and molecular analysis of PEG-induced water stress responses in lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.)

Rokaiya Morshed Ema; Rifat Samad; Munira Mohtasim; et al.

12
claims
23
verbatim quotes
1
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

Lentils are an excellent plant-based protein source, crucial for global food security providing nutritional benefits and economic value, especially in developing countries. BARI Masur-8, a micronutrient-rich lentil variety was exposed to three different concentrations (10%, 20%, and 30%) of polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG) to investigate the effects of water stress on germination, growth, ion accumulation, different biochemical traits, and expression analysis of antioxidant enzymes. The germination percentage, seedling vigor index, seedling length, fresh and dry weight, relative water content, and pigments of leaves were mostly inhibited with the application of 30% PEG. PEG-induced water stress indicated a strong NO3− accumulation in the root (up to 66%) at 48 h. Furthermore, the K+ and PO43− content resulted in a reduction, and Na+ content enhanced. PEG-mediated water stress also raised the reducing and total sugar content to 72 h. A significant increase in phenolic compounds and proline content was observed in lentil seedlings, where roots showed the highest enhancement. Amino acid content initially increased and then declined in root and stem, whereas protein content showed an opposite trend. The expression analysis of antioxidant enzymes showed a strong expression of the catalase (CAT) gene whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) showed moderate expression of this gene.

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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 12

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

30% PEG mostly inhibited germination percentage, seedling vigor index, seedling length.

Taxon
lentilLens culinarist0
Treatment
PEGe0
Outcome
germination percentage, seedling vigor index, seedling lengthe0
Direction
inhibitede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lens culinaris
Lens culinaris · TaxonUser:Justinc · CC BY-SA 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 92–123 · show in text ↑
e0

“The germination percentage, seedling vigor index, seedling length, fresh and dry weight, relative water content, and pigments of leaves were mostly inhibited with the application of 30% PEG.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 486–676 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

30% PEG mostly inhibited fresh and dry weight, relative water content.

Taxon
lentilLens culinarist0
Treatment
PEGe0
Outcome
fresh and dry weight, relative water contente0
Direction
inhibitede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lens culinaris
Lens culinaris · TaxonUser:Justinc · CC BY-SA 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 92–123 · show in text ↑
e0

“The germination percentage, seedling vigor index, seedling length, fresh and dry weight, relative water content, and pigments of leaves were mostly inhibited with the application of 30% PEG.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 486–676 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

30% PEG mostly inhibited pigments of leaves.

Taxon
lentilLens culinarist0
Treatment
PEGe0
Outcome
pigments of leavese0
Direction
inhibitede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lens culinaris
Lens culinaris · TaxonUser:Justinc · CC BY-SA 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 92–123 · show in text ↑
e0

“The germination percentage, seedling vigor index, seedling length, fresh and dry weight, relative water content, and pigments of leaves were mostly inhibited with the application of 30% PEG.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 486–676 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

PEG stress increased root nitrate accumulation up to 66% at 48 h.

Taxon
lentilLens culinarist0
Organ / stage
roote0
Treatment
PEGe0
Outcome
NO3− accumulatione0
Direction
accumulatione0
Value
66%e0
Qualifier
48 he0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lens culinaris
Lens culinaris · TaxonUser:Justinc · CC BY-SA 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 92–123 · show in text ↑
e0

“PEG-induced water stress indicated a strong NO3− accumulation in the root (up to 66%) at 48 h.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 677–771 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

PEG stress caused reduction in K+ and PO43− content.

Taxon
lentilLens culinarist0
Outcome
K+ and PO43− contente0
Direction
reductione0

Not reportedTreatmentComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lens culinaris
Lens culinaris · TaxonUser:Justinc · CC BY-SA 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 92–123 · show in text ↑
e0

“Furthermore, the K+ and PO43− content resulted in a reduction, and Na+ content enhanced.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 772–860 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

PEG stress caused enhanced in Na+ content.

Taxon
lentilLens culinarist0
Outcome
Na+ contente0
Direction
enhancede0

Not reportedTreatmentComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lens culinaris
Lens culinaris · TaxonUser:Justinc · CC BY-SA 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 92–123 · show in text ↑
e0

“Furthermore, the K+ and PO43− content resulted in a reduction, and Na+ content enhanced.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 772–860 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

PEG stress raised reducing and total sugar content to 72 h.

Taxon
lentilLens culinarist0
Treatment
PEGe0
Outcome
reducing and total sugar contente0
Direction
raisede0
Qualifier
72 he0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lens culinaris
Lens culinaris · TaxonUser:Justinc · CC BY-SA 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 92–123 · show in text ↑
e0

“PEG-mediated water stress also raised the reducing and total sugar content to 72 h.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 861–944 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Phenolic compounds and proline content increased significantly in lentil seedlings, most in roots.

Taxon
lentilLens culinarise0
Organ / stage
rootse0
Outcome
phenolic compounds and proline contente0
Direction
increasee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lens culinaris
Lens culinaris · TaxonUser:Justinc · CC BY-SA 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“A significant increase in phenolic compounds and proline content was observed in lentil seedlings, where roots showed the highest enhancement.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 945–1087 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Amino acid content changed over time in root and stem, with opposite trends.

Taxon
lentilLens culinarist0
Organ / stage
root and steme0
Outcome
Amino acid contente0
Direction
initially increased and then declinede0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lens culinaris
Lens culinaris · TaxonUser:Justinc · CC BY-SA 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 92–123 · show in text ↑
e0

“Amino acid content initially increased and then declined in root and stem, whereas protein content showed an opposite trend.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1088–1212 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

protein content changed over time in root and stem, with opposite trends.

Taxon
lentilLens culinarist0
Organ / stage
root and steme0
Outcome
protein contente0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lens culinaris
Lens culinaris · TaxonUser:Justinc · CC BY-SA 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 92–123 · show in text ↑
e0

“Amino acid content initially increased and then declined in root and stem, whereas protein content showed an opposite trend.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1088–1212 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

catalase (CAT) showed strong expression.

Taxon
lentilLens culinarist0
Gene
catalase (CAT)e0
Outcome
expressione0
Direction
stronge0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lens culinaris
Lens culinaris · TaxonUser:Justinc · CC BY-SA 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 92–123 · show in text ↑
e0

“The expression analysis of antioxidant enzymes showed a strong expression of the catalase (CAT) gene whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) showed moderate expression of this gene.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1213–1420 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) showed moderate expression.

Taxon
lentilLens culinarist0
Gene
superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)e0
Outcome
expressione0
Direction
moderatee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lens culinaris
Lens culinaris · TaxonUser:Justinc · CC BY-SA 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 92–123 · show in text ↑
e0

“The expression analysis of antioxidant enzymes showed a strong expression of the catalase (CAT) gene whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) showed moderate expression of this gene.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1213–1420 · show in text ↑

drought · physiology: pigments · Lens culinaris (lentil)Positive and negative results

4 papers: 2 positive, 2 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. negative
See all 4 papers →

drought · physiology: water · Lens culinaris (lentil)Positive and negative results

5 papers: 2 positive, 3 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. negative

1 paper more in this group

See all 5 papers →

drought · growth · Lens culinaris (lentil)Positive and negative results

21 papers: 6 positive, 15 negative or no effect

14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. positive
  3. positive

17 papers more in this group

See all 21 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.