Abstract
Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is a crucial economic crop in northern China. Fertilizer and water waste and environmental contaminations were prevalent during sugar beet cultivation. To enhance sugar beet use efficiency and reduce the amount of water and fertilizer required in cultivation, a three-year experiment was performed. Drip fertilization was employed for irrigation and fertilization. The influence of irrigation reductions (15% and 30%) and fertilization reductions (20% and 10%) on yield, sugar content, and water and fertilizer use efficiency was evaluated. The yield of root and sugar was not significantly impacted by the 10% fertilizer and 15% reduction in irrigation relative to the conventional water and fertilizer supply treatment (CK). The yield was significantly reduced by 20% fertilizer and 30% irrigation reduction. The sugar yield was also reduced by 30% through irrigation reduction treatments. The root sugar content was increased by irrigation and fertilization reduction (except 10% fertilizer reduction treatment). Partial factor productivity (PFP) was significantly increased by fertilization reduction. The irrigation water use efficiency (WUEi) was significantly increased by irrigation reduction. Water use efficiency (WUE) and fertilizer agronomic efficiency (FAE) were increased by a 10% reduction of fertilization treatment relative to CK; the impact on FAE was more significant compared to WUE. The FAE was reduced by an irrigation reduction. The WUE was reduced by 20% through fertilization reduction treatments. The influence of each treatment on PFP, FAE, and WUEi of sugar yield was mirrored in yield, but the range was narrowed. To ensure high production and efficiency while conserving water and fertilizer during sugar beet cultivation within the test area, the optimal irrigation amount was 1041.91 to 1286.27 m3·ha−1and fertilization amount was 394.04 to 408.03 kg·ha−1. This investigation offers irrigation and fertilization parameters for drip fertilization of sugar beet and a theoretical foundation for the crop’s water and fertilizer use.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
A 10% fertilizer reduction did not significantly affect root yield versus conventional supply.
- Taxon
- Sugar beet
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0 - Treatment
- 10% fertilizere0
- Outcome
- yield of roote0
- Direction
- not significantly impactede0
- Comparator
- conventional water and fertilizer supply treatment (CK)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield of root and sugar was not significantly impacted by the 10% fertilizer and 15% reduction in irrigation relative to the conventional water and fertilizer supply treatment (CK).”
t0“The Effect of Irrigation and Fertilization Reduction on Yield, Quality, and Resource Use Efficiency of Drip-Fertilized Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in Northern China”
Claim · model-written summary
A 10% fertilizer reduction did not significantly affect sugar yield versus conventional supply.
- Taxon
- Sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 10% fertilizere0
- Outcome
- yield of root and sugare0
- Direction
- not significantly impactede0
- Comparator
- conventional water and fertilizer supply treatment (CK)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield of root and sugar was not significantly impacted by the 10% fertilizer and 15% reduction in irrigation relative to the conventional water and fertilizer supply treatment (CK).”
t0“The Effect of Irrigation and Fertilization Reduction on Yield, Quality, and Resource Use Efficiency of Drip-Fertilized Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in Northern China”
Claim · model-written summary
A 15% irrigation reduction did not significantly affect root yield versus conventional supply.
- Taxon
- Sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 15% reduction in irrigatione0
- Outcome
- yield of roote0
- Direction
- not significantly impactede0
- Comparator
- conventional water and fertilizer supply treatment (CK)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield of root and sugar was not significantly impacted by the 10% fertilizer and 15% reduction in irrigation relative to the conventional water and fertilizer supply treatment (CK).”
t0“The Effect of Irrigation and Fertilization Reduction on Yield, Quality, and Resource Use Efficiency of Drip-Fertilized Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in Northern China”
Claim · model-written summary
A 15% irrigation reduction did not significantly affect sugar yield versus conventional supply.
- Taxon
- Sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 15% reduction in irrigatione0
- Outcome
- yield of root and sugare0
- Direction
- not significantly impactede0
- Comparator
- conventional water and fertilizer supply treatment (CK)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield of root and sugar was not significantly impacted by the 10% fertilizer and 15% reduction in irrigation relative to the conventional water and fertilizer supply treatment (CK).”
t0“The Effect of Irrigation and Fertilization Reduction on Yield, Quality, and Resource Use Efficiency of Drip-Fertilized Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in Northern China”
Claim · model-written summary
A 20% fertilizer reduction significantly reduced yield.
- Taxon
- Sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 20% fertilizere0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield was significantly reduced by 20% fertilizer and 30% irrigation reduction.”
t0“The Effect of Irrigation and Fertilization Reduction on Yield, Quality, and Resource Use Efficiency of Drip-Fertilized Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in Northern China”
Claim · model-written summary
A 30% irrigation reduction significantly reduced yield.
- Taxon
- Sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 30% irrigation reductione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield was significantly reduced by 20% fertilizer and 30% irrigation reduction.”
t0“The Effect of Irrigation and Fertilization Reduction on Yield, Quality, and Resource Use Efficiency of Drip-Fertilized Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in Northern China”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation reduction reduced sugar yield by 30%.
- Taxon
- Sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- irrigation reduction treatmentse0
- Outcome
- sugar yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 30%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The sugar yield was also reduced by 30% through irrigation reduction treatments.”
t0“The Effect of Irrigation and Fertilization Reduction on Yield, Quality, and Resource Use Efficiency of Drip-Fertilized Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in Northern China”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation reduction increased root sugar content.
- Taxon
- Sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- irrigatione0
- Outcome
- root sugar contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The root sugar content was increased by irrigation and fertilization reduction (except 10% fertilizer reduction treatment).”
t0“The Effect of Irrigation and Fertilization Reduction on Yield, Quality, and Resource Use Efficiency of Drip-Fertilized Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in Northern China”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer reduction other than 10% increased root sugar content.
- Taxon
- Sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- fertilization reductione0
- Outcome
- root sugar contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- except 10% fertilizer reduction treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The root sugar content was increased by irrigation and fertilization reduction (except 10% fertilizer reduction treatment).”
t0“The Effect of Irrigation and Fertilization Reduction on Yield, Quality, and Resource Use Efficiency of Drip-Fertilized Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in Northern China”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization reduction significantly increased partial factor productivity.
- Taxon
- Sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- fertilization reductione0
- Outcome
- Partial factor productivity (PFP)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Partial factor productivity (PFP) was significantly increased by fertilization reduction.”
t0“The Effect of Irrigation and Fertilization Reduction on Yield, Quality, and Resource Use Efficiency of Drip-Fertilized Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in Northern China”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation reduction significantly increased irrigation water use efficiency.
- Taxon
- Sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- irrigation reductione0
- Outcome
- irrigation water use efficiency (WUEi)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The irrigation water use efficiency (WUEi) was significantly increased by irrigation reduction.”
t0“The Effect of Irrigation and Fertilization Reduction on Yield, Quality, and Resource Use Efficiency of Drip-Fertilized Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in Northern China”
Claim · model-written summary
A 10% fertilizer reduction increased water use efficiency relative to conventional supply.
- Taxon
- Sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 10% reduction of fertilization treatmente0
- Outcome
- Water use efficiency (WUE)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water use efficiency (WUE) and fertilizer agronomic efficiency (FAE) were increased by a 10% reduction of fertilization treatment relative to CK; the impact on FAE was more significant compared to WUE.”
t0“The Effect of Irrigation and Fertilization Reduction on Yield, Quality, and Resource Use Efficiency of Drip-Fertilized Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in Northern China”
Claim · model-written summary
A 10% fertilizer reduction increased fertilizer agronomic efficiency relative to conventional supply.
- Taxon
- Sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 10% reduction of fertilization treatmente0
- Outcome
- fertilizer agronomic efficiency (FAE)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water use efficiency (WUE) and fertilizer agronomic efficiency (FAE) were increased by a 10% reduction of fertilization treatment relative to CK; the impact on FAE was more significant compared to WUE.”
t0“The Effect of Irrigation and Fertilization Reduction on Yield, Quality, and Resource Use Efficiency of Drip-Fertilized Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in Northern China”
Claim · model-written summary
The impact of 10% fertilizer reduction on FAE was more significant than its impact on WUE.
- Taxon
- Sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Outcome
- impact on FAEe0
- Direction
- more significante0
- Comparator
- WUEe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the impact on FAE was more significant compared to WUE.”
t0“The Effect of Irrigation and Fertilization Reduction on Yield, Quality, and Resource Use Efficiency of Drip-Fertilized Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in Northern China”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation reduction reduced fertilizer agronomic efficiency.
- Taxon
- Sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- irrigation reductione0
- Outcome
- FAEe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The FAE was reduced by an irrigation reduction.”
t0“The Effect of Irrigation and Fertilization Reduction on Yield, Quality, and Resource Use Efficiency of Drip-Fertilized Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in Northern China”
Claim · model-written summary
A 20% fertilizer reduction reduced water use efficiency.
- Taxon
- Sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 20% through fertilization reduction treatmentse0
- Outcome
- WUEe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The WUE was reduced by 20% through fertilization reduction treatments.”
t0“The Effect of Irrigation and Fertilization Reduction on Yield, Quality, and Resource Use Efficiency of Drip-Fertilized Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in Northern China”
Claim · model-written summary
Sugar-yield PFP, FAE and WUEi mirrored yield effects, with a narrower range.
- Taxon
- Sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Outcome
- PFP, FAE, and WUEi of sugar yielde0
- Direction
- mirrorede0
- Qualifier
- the range was narrowede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The influence of each treatment on PFP, FAE, and WUEi of sugar yield was mirrored in yield, but the range was narrowed.”
t0“The Effect of Irrigation and Fertilization Reduction on Yield, Quality, and Resource Use Efficiency of Drip-Fertilized Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in Northern China”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend 1041.91 to 1286.27 m3·ha−1 irrigation for high production and efficiency.
- Taxon
- Sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Outcome
- optimal irrigation amounte0
- Value
- 1041.91 to 1286.27 m3·ha−1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the optimal irrigation amount was 1041.91 to 1286.27 m3·ha−1and fertilization amount was 394.04 to 408.03 kg·ha−1.”
t0“The Effect of Irrigation and Fertilization Reduction on Yield, Quality, and Resource Use Efficiency of Drip-Fertilized Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in Northern China”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend 394.04 to 408.03 kg·ha−1 fertilization for high production and efficiency.
- Taxon
- Sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Outcome
- fertilization amounte0
- Value
- 394.04 to 408.03 kg·ha−1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the optimal irrigation amount was 1041.91 to 1286.27 m3·ha−1and fertilization amount was 394.04 to 408.03 kg·ha−1.”
t0“The Effect of Irrigation and Fertilization Reduction on Yield, Quality, and Resource Use Efficiency of Drip-Fertilized Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in Northern China”
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