Abstract
Pepper Phytophthora blight caused by Phytophthora capsici results in substantial losses in global pepper cultivation. The use of biocontrol agents with the dual functions of disease suppression and crop growth promotion is a green and sustainable way of managing this pathogen. In this study, six biocontrol strains of Trichoderma with high antagonistic activity against P. capsici were isolated and screened from the rhizosphere soil of healthy peppers undergoing long-term continuous cultivation. Morphological identification and molecular biological identification revealed that strains 2213 and 2221 were T. harzianum, strains 5111, 6311, and 6321 were T. brevicompactum, and strain 7111 was T. virens. The results showed that T. brevicompactum 6311 had the greatest inhibitory effect against P. capsici. The inhibition rate of 6311 on the mycelial growth of P. capsici was 82.22% in a double-culture test, whereas it reached 100% in a fermentation liquid culture test. Meanwhile, the pepper fruit tests showed that 6311 was 29% effective against P. capsici on pepper, and a potting test demonstrated that the preventive and controlling effect of 6311 on pepper epidemics triggered by P. capsici was 55.56%. The growth-promoting effect, germination potential, germination rate, radicle-embryonic axis length, germination index, and fresh weight of peppers cultured in the 6311 fermentation broth were significantly increased compared with the results for the control group. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that 6311 achieved the parasitism of P. capsici, producing siderophores and the growth hormone indoleacetic acid (IAA) to achieve disease-suppressive and growth-promoting functions. Transcriptomic results indicated that genes encoding proteins involved in plant disease resistance, namely flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) and growth transcription factor (AUX22), were generally upregulated after the application of 6311. This study demonstrated that 6311 exhibits significant bioprotective and growth-promoting functions.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Six antagonistic Trichoderma strains were isolated from healthy pepper rhizosphere soil.
- Interactor
- P. capsici
.jpg?width=60)
Phytophthora capsicie0pathogen - Second interactor
- Trichoderma
Trichodermae0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- six biocontrol strains of Trichodermae0
- Value
- sixe0
CapsicumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“six biocontrol strains of Trichoderma with high antagonistic activity against P. capsici were isolated and screened from the rhizosphere soil of healthy peppers undergoing long-term continuous cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Strains 2213 and 2221 were identified as T. harzianum.
- Taxon
- Peppert0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- strains 2213 and 2221 were T. harzianume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strains 2213 and 2221 were T. harzianum”
t0“Pepper Phytophthora blight”
Claim · model-written summary
Strains 5111, 6311 and 6321 were identified as T. brevicompactum.
- Taxon
- Peppert0
- Interactor
- T. brevicompactumTrichoderma brevicompactume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- strains 5111, 6311, and 6321 were T. brevicompactume0
Verbatim
e0“strains 5111, 6311, and 6321 were T. brevicompactum”
t0“Pepper Phytophthora blight”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain 7111 was identified as T. virens.
- Taxon
- Peppert0
- Interactor
- T. virensTrichoderma virense0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- strain 7111 was T. virense0
Verbatim
e0“strain 7111 was T. virens”
t0“Pepper Phytophthora blight”
Claim · model-written summary
T. brevicompactum 6311 had the greatest inhibition of P. capsici among the strains.
- Taxon
- Peppert0
- Interactor
- P. capsiciPhytophthora capsicie0pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. brevicompactum 6311Trichoderma brevicompactume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- inhibitory effect against P. capsicie0
- Direction
- greateste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T. brevicompactum 6311 had the greatest inhibitory effect against P. capsici”
t0“Pepper Phytophthora blight”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain 6311 inhibited P. capsici mycelial growth by 82.22% in double culture.
- Taxon
- Peppert0
- Treatment
- 6311e0
- Interactor
- P. capsiciPhytophthora capsicie0pathogen
- Second interactor
- 6311e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- mycelial growth of P. capsicie0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 82.22%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inhibition rate of 6311 on the mycelial growth of P. capsici was 82.22% in a double-culture test”
t0“Pepper Phytophthora blight”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain 6311 inhibited P. capsici growth by 100% in fermentation liquid culture.
- Taxon
- Peppert0
- Treatment
- 6311t1
- Interactor
- P. capsiciPhytophthora capsicie1pathogent1
- Second interactor
- 6311t1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- P. capsicie1
- Value
- 100%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it reached 100% in a fermentation liquid culture test”
t0“Pepper Phytophthora blight”
t1“Trichoderma brevicompactum 6311: Prevention and Control of Phytophthora capsici”
e1“mycelial growth of P. capsici was 82.22% in a double-culture test”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain 6311 had 29% efficacy against P. capsici on pepper fruit.
- Taxon
- peppere0
- Organ / stage
- pepper fruite0
- Treatment
- 6311e0
- Interactor
- P. capsiciPhytophthora capsicie0pathogen
- Second interactor
- 6311e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- effective against P. capsici on peppere0
- Value
- 29%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pepper fruit tests showed that 6311 was 29% effective against P. capsici on pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain 6311 achieved 55.56% prevention and control of P. capsici epidemics in potted pepper.
- Taxon
- peppere0
- Treatment
- 6311e0
- Interactor
- P. capsiciPhytophthora capsicie0pathogen
- Second interactor
- 6311e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- pepper epidemics triggered by P. capsicie0
- Value
- 55.56%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“preventive and controlling effect of 6311 on pepper epidemics triggered by P. capsici was 55.56%”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain 6311 broth significantly increased pepper germination potential, rate and index versus controls.
- Treatment
- 6311 fermentation brothe0
- Interactor
- 6311e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- germination potential, germination rate, radicle-embryonic axis length, germination indexe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- control groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“germination potential, germination rate, radicle-embryonic axis length, germination index, and fresh weight of peppers cultured in the 6311 fermentation broth were significantly increased compared with the results for the control group”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain 6311 broth significantly increased pepper fresh weight versus controls.
- Treatment
- 6311 fermentation brothe0
- Interactor
- 6311e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- fresh weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- control groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fresh weight of peppers cultured in the 6311 fermentation broth were significantly increased compared with the results for the control group”
Claim · model-written summary
Microscopy showed strain 6311 parasitizing P. capsici.
- Taxon
- Peppert0
- Interactor
- P. capsiciPhytophthora capsicie0pathogen
- Second interactor
- 6311e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- parasitism of P. capsicie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“6311 achieved the parasitism of P. capsici”
t0“Pepper Phytophthora blight”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain 6311 produced siderophores and indoleacetic acid associated by the authors with suppression and growth promotion.
Verbatim
e0“producing siderophores and the growth hormone indoleacetic acid (IAA) to achieve disease-suppressive and growth-promoting functions”
t0“Pepper Phytophthora blight”
t1“Trichoderma brevicompactum 6311: Prevention and Control of Phytophthora capsici”
Claim · model-written summary
Pepper F3H disease-resistance gene expression was generally upregulated after strain 6311 application.
- Taxon
- Peppert0
- Treatment
- application of 6311e0
- Interactor
- 6311e0biocontrol_agent
- Gene
- flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H)e0
- Outcome
- genes encoding proteins involved in plant disease resistancee0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“genes encoding proteins involved in plant disease resistance, namely flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) and growth transcription factor (AUX22), were generally upregulated after the application of 6311”
t0“Pepper Phytophthora blight”
Claim · model-written summary
Pepper AUX22 growth transcription factor expression was generally upregulated after strain 6311 application.
- Taxon
- Peppert0
- Treatment
- application of 6311e0
- Interactor
- 6311e0biocontrol_agent
- Gene
- growth transcription factor (AUX22)e0
- Outcome
- growth transcription factor (AUX22)e0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“genes encoding proteins involved in plant disease resistance, namely flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) and growth transcription factor (AUX22), were generally upregulated after the application of 6311”
t0“Pepper Phytophthora blight”
The same questions in other papers
processing · growth · Capsicum (peppers)Positive and negative results
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- no effect
- positive
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See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.