Abstract
Petunia ( Petunia × hybrida ) plants are treated with plant growth retardant (PGR) to inhibit stem growth. However, the effects of PGR differ depending on the PGR type, direction of use, and plant species or cultivars. In red petunias, PGR treatment inhibits coloration. Here, we investigated the effects of gibberellin (GA) and four PGRs, namely, daminozide (SADH), trinexapac-ethyl (TNE), paclobutrazol (PBZ), and prohexadione-calcium, on four Petunia cultivars with different coloration patterns: ‘Baccara Red’, ‘Red morn’, ‘Red picotee’ and ‘Star Red and White’). The SADH, TNE, and PBZ treatments effectively inhibited stem growth in all four cultivars. The SADH treatment affected the corolla coloration of the ‘Star Red and White’ (star type color pattern) and ‘Red Picotee’ (picotee type color pattern), however, did not affect ‘Baccara Red’ and ‘Red Morn’ (gradation coloration pattern) cultivars. These results suggest that the effects of SADH treatment on corolla coloration differ depending on the cultivar. We elucidated that the alteration in coloration by SADH in ‘Star Red and White’ and ‘Red Picotee’ was caused by GA activity suppression. However, the corolla coloration of ‘Red Morn’ was not affected by SADH or GA. These findings indicated that variations in GA activity may result in different coloration patterns. This study demonstrated that treatment with four types of PGRs inhibited stem elongation and affected flower coloration patterns in petunia. Additionally, GA may play a role in the formation of petunia bicolor patterns.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
SADH effectively inhibited stem growth in all four petunia cultivars.
- Taxon
- Petunia × hybrida
Petunia ×hybridae0 - Material
- all four cultivarse1
- Treatment
- SADHe1
- Outcome
- stem growthe1
- Direction
- effectively inhibitede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Petunia ( Petunia × hybrida ) plants are treated with plant growth retardant (PGR) to inhibit stem growth”
e1“The SADH, TNE, and PBZ treatments effectively inhibited stem growth in all four cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
TNE effectively inhibited stem growth in all four petunia cultivars.
- Taxon
- Petunia × hybridaPetunia ×hybridae0
- Material
- all four cultivarse1
- Treatment
- TNEe1
- Outcome
- stem growthe1
- Direction
- effectively inhibitede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Petunia ( Petunia × hybrida ) plants are treated with plant growth retardant (PGR) to inhibit stem growth”
e1“The SADH, TNE, and PBZ treatments effectively inhibited stem growth in all four cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
PBZ effectively inhibited stem growth in all four petunia cultivars.
- Taxon
- Petunia × hybridaPetunia ×hybridae0
- Material
- all four cultivarse1
- Treatment
- PBZe1
- Outcome
- stem growthe1
- Direction
- effectively inhibitede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Petunia ( Petunia × hybrida ) plants are treated with plant growth retardant (PGR) to inhibit stem growth”
e1“The SADH, TNE, and PBZ treatments effectively inhibited stem growth in all four cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
SADH affected corolla coloration of Star Red and White.
- Taxon
- Petunia × hybridaPetunia ×hybridae0
- Material
- Star Red and Whitee2
- Treatment
- SADHe2
- Outcome
- corolla coloratione2
- Direction
- affectede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Petunia ( Petunia × hybrida ) plants are treated with plant growth retardant (PGR) to inhibit stem growth”
e2“The SADH treatment affected the corolla coloration of the ‘Star Red and White’ (star type color pattern) and ‘Red Picotee’ (picotee type color pattern), however, did not affect ‘Baccara Red’ and ‘Red Morn’ (gradation coloration pattern) cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
SADH affected corolla coloration of Red Picotee.
- Taxon
- Petunia × hybridaPetunia ×hybridae0
- Material
- Red Picoteee2
- Treatment
- SADHe2
- Outcome
- corolla coloratione2
- Direction
- affectede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Petunia ( Petunia × hybrida ) plants are treated with plant growth retardant (PGR) to inhibit stem growth”
e2“The SADH treatment affected the corolla coloration of the ‘Star Red and White’ (star type color pattern) and ‘Red Picotee’ (picotee type color pattern), however, did not affect ‘Baccara Red’ and ‘Red Morn’ (gradation coloration pattern) cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
SADH did not affect corolla coloration of Baccara Red.
- Taxon
- Petunia × hybridaPetunia ×hybridae0
- Material
- Baccara Rede2
- Treatment
- SADHe2
- Outcome
- corolla coloratione2
- Direction
- did not affecte2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Petunia ( Petunia × hybrida ) plants are treated with plant growth retardant (PGR) to inhibit stem growth”
e2“The SADH treatment affected the corolla coloration of the ‘Star Red and White’ (star type color pattern) and ‘Red Picotee’ (picotee type color pattern), however, did not affect ‘Baccara Red’ and ‘Red Morn’ (gradation coloration pattern) cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
SADH did not affect corolla coloration of Red Morn.
- Taxon
- Petunia × hybridaPetunia ×hybridae0
- Material
- Red Morne2
- Treatment
- SADHe2
- Outcome
- corolla coloratione2
- Direction
- did not affecte2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Petunia ( Petunia × hybrida ) plants are treated with plant growth retardant (PGR) to inhibit stem growth”
e2“The SADH treatment affected the corolla coloration of the ‘Star Red and White’ (star type color pattern) and ‘Red Picotee’ (picotee type color pattern), however, did not affect ‘Baccara Red’ and ‘Red Morn’ (gradation coloration pattern) cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Alteration of coloration by SADH in Star Red and White was caused by suppression of GA activity.
- Taxon
- Petunia × hybridaPetunia ×hybridae0
- Material
- Star Red and Whitee3
- Compound
- GAe3
- Outcome
- alteration in coloratione3
- Qualifier
- GA activity suppressione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Petunia ( Petunia × hybrida ) plants are treated with plant growth retardant (PGR) to inhibit stem growth”
e3“We elucidated that the alteration in coloration by SADH in ‘Star Red and White’ and ‘Red Picotee’ was caused by GA activity suppression”
Claim · model-written summary
Alteration of coloration by SADH in Red Picotee was caused by suppression of GA activity.
- Taxon
- Petunia × hybridaPetunia ×hybridae0
- Material
- Red Picoteee3
- Compound
- GAe3
- Outcome
- alteration in coloratione3
- Qualifier
- GA activity suppressione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Petunia ( Petunia × hybrida ) plants are treated with plant growth retardant (PGR) to inhibit stem growth”
e3“We elucidated that the alteration in coloration by SADH in ‘Star Red and White’ and ‘Red Picotee’ was caused by GA activity suppression”
Claim · model-written summary
GA did not affect corolla coloration of Red Morn.
- Taxon
- Petunia × hybridaPetunia ×hybridae0
- Material
- Red Morne4
- Treatment
- GAe4
- Outcome
- corolla coloratione4
- Direction
- not affectede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Petunia ( Petunia × hybrida ) plants are treated with plant growth retardant (PGR) to inhibit stem growth”
e4“However, the corolla coloration of ‘Red Morn’ was not affected by SADH or GA”
Claim · model-written summary
GA may play a role in the formation of petunia bicolor patterns.
- Taxon
- Petunia × hybridaPetunia ×hybridae0
- Compound
- GAe5
- Outcome
- formation of petunia bicolor patternse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Petunia ( Petunia × hybrida ) plants are treated with plant growth retardant (PGR) to inhibit stem growth”
e5“GA may play a role in the formation of petunia bicolor patterns”
The same questions in other papers
paclobutrazol · growth · Petunia x hybrida (garden petunia)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.