Abstract
In this study, the essential oils of the basal leaves (blEOs) and peduncles (pEOs) -stalks bearing flowers- of Scrophularia catariifolia were separately analyzed using GC-MS for the first time. The main components of two distinctive parts were determined as 4-hexen-1-ol (8.03/6.34%), 1-hexanol (5.48/9.15%), 3-octenol (16.94/6.83%), benzene ethanol (17.21/9.82%), and phytol (15.18/28.68%) for basal leaves and peduncles, respectively. The essential oils showed remarkable antimicrobial activity against the four food-borne pathogens tested. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Clostridium perfringens, and Bacillus cereus were found to be more susceptible to peduncle essential oil. Two essential oils showed similar activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The essential oils were found to be inactive against Escherichia coli. These findings highlight the potential of S. catariifolia essential oils as natural antimicrobial agents for food safety and preservation. Further investigations are needed for their key applications.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Basal leaf oil contained 8.03% 4-hexen-1-ol.
- Taxon
- Scrophularia catariifoliaScrophularia catariifoliat0
- Organ / stage
- basal leavese1
- Outcome
- 4-hexen-1-ole0
- Value
- 8.03e0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“4-hexen-1-ol (8.03/6.34%)”
e1“for basal leaves and peduncles, respectively”
t0“Scrophularia catariifolia”
Claim · model-written summary
Peduncle oil contained 6.34% 4-hexen-1-ol.
- Taxon
- Scrophularia catariifoliaScrophularia catariifoliat0
- Organ / stage
- pedunclese1
- Outcome
- 4-hexen-1-ole0
- Value
- 6.34%e0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“4-hexen-1-ol (8.03/6.34%)”
e1“for basal leaves and peduncles, respectively”
t0“Scrophularia catariifolia”
Claim · model-written summary
Basal leaf oil contained 5.48% 1-hexanol.
- Taxon
- Scrophularia catariifoliaScrophularia catariifoliat0
- Organ / stage
- basal leavese1
- Outcome
- 1-hexanole0
- Value
- 5.48e0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“1-hexanol (5.48/9.15%)”
e1“for basal leaves and peduncles, respectively”
t0“Scrophularia catariifolia”
Claim · model-written summary
Peduncle oil contained 9.15% 1-hexanol.
- Taxon
- Scrophularia catariifoliaScrophularia catariifoliat0
- Organ / stage
- pedunclese1
- Outcome
- 1-hexanole0
- Value
- 9.15%e0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“1-hexanol (5.48/9.15%)”
e1“for basal leaves and peduncles, respectively”
t0“Scrophularia catariifolia”
Claim · model-written summary
Basal leaf oil contained 16.94% 3-octenol.
- Taxon
- Scrophularia catariifoliaScrophularia catariifoliat0
- Organ / stage
- basal leavese1
- Outcome
- 3-octenole0
- Value
- 16.94e0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“3-octenol (16.94/6.83%)”
e1“for basal leaves and peduncles, respectively”
t0“Scrophularia catariifolia”
Claim · model-written summary
Peduncle oil contained 6.83% 3-octenol.
- Taxon
- Scrophularia catariifoliaScrophularia catariifoliat0
- Organ / stage
- pedunclese1
- Outcome
- 3-octenole0
- Value
- 6.83%e0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“3-octenol (16.94/6.83%)”
e1“for basal leaves and peduncles, respectively”
t0“Scrophularia catariifolia”
Claim · model-written summary
Basal leaf oil contained 17.21% benzene ethanol.
- Taxon
- Scrophularia catariifoliaScrophularia catariifoliat0
- Organ / stage
- basal leavese1
- Outcome
- benzene ethanole0
- Value
- 17.21e0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“benzene ethanol (17.21/9.82%)”
e1“for basal leaves and peduncles, respectively”
t0“Scrophularia catariifolia”
Claim · model-written summary
Peduncle oil contained 9.82% benzene ethanol.
- Taxon
- Scrophularia catariifoliaScrophularia catariifoliat0
- Organ / stage
- pedunclese1
- Outcome
- benzene ethanole0
- Value
- 9.82%e0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“benzene ethanol (17.21/9.82%)”
e1“for basal leaves and peduncles, respectively”
t0“Scrophularia catariifolia”
Claim · model-written summary
Basal leaf oil contained 15.18% phytol.
- Taxon
- Scrophularia catariifoliaScrophularia catariifoliat0
- Organ / stage
- basal leavese0
- Outcome
- phytole0
- Value
- 15.18e0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“phytol (15.18/28.68%) for basal leaves and peduncles, respectively”
t0“Scrophularia catariifolia”
Claim · model-written summary
Peduncle oil contained 28.68% phytol.
- Taxon
- Scrophularia catariifoliaScrophularia catariifoliat0
- Organ / stage
- pedunclese0
- Outcome
- phytole0
- Value
- 28.68%e0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“phytol (15.18/28.68%) for basal leaves and peduncles, respectively”
t0“Scrophularia catariifolia”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas aeruginosa was more susceptible to peduncle oil.
- Taxon
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas aeruginosae0 - Treatment
- peduncle essential oile0
- Outcome
- susceptiblee0
- Direction
- moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Clostridium perfringens, and Bacillus cereus were found to be more susceptible to peduncle essential oil”
Claim · model-written summary
Clostridium perfringens was more susceptible to peduncle oil.
- Taxon
- Clostridium perfringens
Clostridium perfringense0 - Treatment
- peduncle essential oile0
- Outcome
- susceptiblee0
- Direction
- moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Clostridium perfringens, and Bacillus cereus were found to be more susceptible to peduncle essential oil”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus cereus was more susceptible to peduncle oil.
- Taxon
- Bacillus cereus
Bacillus cereuse0 - Treatment
- peduncle essential oile0
- Outcome
- susceptiblee0
- Direction
- moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Clostridium perfringens, and Bacillus cereus were found to be more susceptible to peduncle essential oil”
Claim · model-written summary
Both oils had similar activity against Staphylococcus aureus.
- Taxon
- Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus aureuse0 - Treatment
- Two essential oilse0
- Outcome
- activitye0
- Direction
- similare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two essential oils showed similar activity against Staphylococcus aureus”
Claim · model-written summary
The oils were inactive against Escherichia coli.
- Taxon
- Escherichia coli
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Escherichia colie0 - Treatment
- essential oilse0
- Outcome
- inactivee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The essential oils were found to be inactive against Escherichia coli”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identify potential use of the oils as natural antimicrobial agents for food preservation.
- Taxon
- S. catariifoliaScrophularia catariifoliae0
- Outcome
- natural antimicrobial agents for food safety and preservatione0
Verbatim
e0“potential of S. catariifolia essential oils as natural antimicrobial agents for food safety and preservation”
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.