Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important cereal crop belonging to the grass family graminae. Maize is known as-king of cereals because of its high production potential and wide adaptability after rice and wheat, it contributes almost 9 percent of India‘s food basket. However, a considerable proportion of the maize crop is damaged each year due to diseases caused by various bacteria, fungi and viruses. Southern leaf blight is major disease of maize, which caused by ascomycetous fungus Bipolaris maydis (Drechs.) [cochliobolus heterostrophus (Nisikado and Miyake) Shoemaker] synonym Helminthosporium maydis (Nisikado) is common in tropical and subtropical region. Therefore, present study Effect of botanical extracts against Southern leaf blight of Maize (Zea mays. L) Caused by Bipolaris maydis (Nisikado) Shoemaker was carried out in kharif season in the year 2023 under field conditions. Effect of treatments were evaluated on different growth and yield parameters of maize under field conditions. Maximum plant height @30 DAS (23.75cm), @60 DAS (109.26 cm) and @90 DAS (164.54 cm) and maximum number of leaves @30 DAS (8), @60 DAS (14.73), @90 DAS (18.13) were recorded in treatment Trichoderma viride @5g/kg + NSKE @10%. Trichoderma viride @5g/kg + NSKE @10% was found effective against reducing the disease intensity (%) @45 DAS (10.03%), @60 DAS (15.35%) and @75 DAS (34.40%) followed by Trichoderma viride @5g/kg + Ginger rhizome extract @10% @45 DAS (13.15%), @60 DAS (19.14%), @75 DAS (37.43%) and maximum was found in Trichoderma viride@5g/kg + Garlic clove extract @10% @45 DAS (23.73%),@60 DAS (30.92%), @75 DAS (50.78%) as compared to control @45 DAS (25.17%), @60 DAS (33.44%) and @75 DAS (53.59%). The maximum yield was found to be in Trichoderma viride @ 5g/kg + NSKE @10% (4.4 t/ha) as compared to control (2.5 t/ha) and the maximum cost benefit ratio was also found to be in Trichoderma viride @ 5g/kg + NSKE @10% (1:28).
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma viride plus NSKE gave maximum maize height at 30 DAS, 23.75cm.
- Treatment
- Trichoderma viride @5g/kg + NSKE @10%e0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma viride
Trichoderma viridee0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- plant height @30 DASe0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 23.75cme0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum plant height @30 DAS (23.75cm), @60 DAS (109.26 cm) and @90 DAS (164.54 cm) and maximum number of leaves @30 DAS (8), @60 DAS (14.73), @90 DAS (18.13) were recorded in treatment Trichoderma viride @5g/kg + NSKE @10%.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The same treatment gave maximum maize height at 60 DAS, 109.26 cm.
- Organ / stage
- @60 DASe0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma viride @5g/kg + NSKE @10%e0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 109.26 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum plant height @30 DAS (23.75cm), @60 DAS (109.26 cm) and @90 DAS (164.54 cm) and maximum number of leaves @30 DAS (8), @60 DAS (14.73), @90 DAS (18.13) were recorded in treatment Trichoderma viride @5g/kg + NSKE @10%.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The same treatment gave maximum maize height at 90 DAS, 164.54 cm.
- Organ / stage
- @90 DASe0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma viride @5g/kg + NSKE @10%e0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 164.54 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum plant height @30 DAS (23.75cm), @60 DAS (109.26 cm) and @90 DAS (164.54 cm) and maximum number of leaves @30 DAS (8), @60 DAS (14.73), @90 DAS (18.13) were recorded in treatment Trichoderma viride @5g/kg + NSKE @10%.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The same treatment gave maximum leaf number at 30 DAS, 8.
- Organ / stage
- @30 DASe0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma viride @5g/kg + NSKE @10%e0
- Outcome
- number of leavese0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 8e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum number of leaves @30 DAS (8), @60 DAS (14.73), @90 DAS (18.13) were recorded in treatment Trichoderma viride @5g/kg + NSKE @10%.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The same treatment gave maximum leaf number at 60 DAS, 14.73.
- Organ / stage
- @60 DASe0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma viride @5g/kg + NSKE @10%e0
- Outcome
- number of leavese0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 14.73e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum number of leaves @30 DAS (8), @60 DAS (14.73), @90 DAS (18.13) were recorded in treatment Trichoderma viride @5g/kg + NSKE @10%.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The same treatment gave maximum leaf number at 90 DAS, 18.13.
- Organ / stage
- @90 DASe0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma viride @5g/kg + NSKE @10%e0
- Outcome
- number of leavese0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 18.13e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum number of leaves @30 DAS (8), @60 DAS (14.73), @90 DAS (18.13) were recorded in treatment Trichoderma viride @5g/kg + NSKE @10%.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma viride plus NSKE reduced blight intensity to 10.03% at 45 DAS, 15.35% at 60 DAS, and 34.40% at 75 DAS.
- Treatment
- Trichoderma viride @5g/kg + NSKE @10%e0
- Interactor
- Bipolaris maydis
Bipolaris maydist0pathogen - Outcome
- disease intensitye0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Qualifier
- @45 DAS (10.03%), @60 DAS (15.35%) and @75 DAS (34.40%)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma viride @5g/kg + NSKE @10% was found effective against reducing the disease intensity (%) @45 DAS (10.03%), @60 DAS (15.35%) and @75 DAS (34.40%)”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.) caused by Bipolaris maydis”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma viride plus ginger extract produced disease intensity of 13.15%, 19.14%, and 37.43% at 45, 60, and 75 DAS.
- Treatment
- Trichoderma viride @5g/kg + Ginger rhizome extract @10%e0
- Outcome
- Southern leaf blightt0
- Qualifier
- @45 DAS (13.15%), @60 DAS (19.14%), @75 DAS (37.43%)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma viride @5g/kg + Ginger rhizome extract @10% @45 DAS (13.15%), @60 DAS (19.14%), @75 DAS (37.43%)”
t0“Southern leaf blight of maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma viride plus garlic extract gave disease intensity of 23.73%, 30.92%, and 50.78% at 45, 60, and 75 DAS.
- Treatment
- Trichoderma viride@5g/kg + Garlic clove extract @10%e0
- Outcome
- Southern leaf blightt0
- Direction
- lowerinferrede0
- Qualifier
- @45 DAS (23.73%),@60 DAS (30.92%), @75 DAS (50.78%)e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma viride@5g/kg + Garlic clove extract @10% @45 DAS (23.73%),@60 DAS (30.92%), @75 DAS (50.78%) as compared to control @45 DAS (25.17%), @60 DAS (33.44%) and @75 DAS (53.59%)”
t0“Southern leaf blight of maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma viride plus NSKE gave maximum yield of 4.4 t/ha versus 2.5 t/ha in control.
- Treatment
- Trichoderma viride @ 5g/kg + NSKE @10%e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 4.4 t/hae0
- Qualifier
- 2.5 t/hae0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum yield was found to be in Trichoderma viride @ 5g/kg + NSKE @10% (4.4 t/ha) as compared to control (2.5 t/ha)”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The same treatment had maximum cost-benefit ratio of 1:28.
- Treatment
- Trichoderma viride @ 5g/kg + NSKE @10%e0
- Outcome
- cost benefit ratioe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 1:28e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maximum cost benefit ratio was also found to be in Trichoderma viride @ 5g/kg + NSKE @10% (1:28)”
t0“maize”
The same questions in other papers
Allium sativum · disease · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Syzygium aromaticum · disease · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Trichoderma viride · Bipolaris maydis · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Trichoderma viride · growth · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Trichoderma viride · disease · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
7 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Trichoderma viride · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
7 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →botanical · disease · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
56 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
63 papers more in this group
See all 67 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.