Abstract
Nanoparticles of silicon (Si) and titanium (Ti), typically considered non-essential elements, show promise in enhancing fertilizer efficiency and crop performance. This study aimed to synthesize these nanoparticles and evaluate their potential as seed treatments for maize. Using the sol-gel method, Si and Ti nanoparticles were produced and extensively characterized through techniques like X-ray diffractometry, transmission electron microscopy, surface area analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Their effects on maize were assessed in a randomized experiment with a 2 × 5 factorial design, testing two sources (microparticles and nanoparticles) of Si and Ti at concentrations ranging from 0 to 160 mg L−1. SiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles, with particle sizes below 50 nm and specific surface areas of 282.3 and 134.8 m2 g−1, respectively, were utilized. Mathematical models did not adequately explain variations in germination rate, abnormal seedlings, non-viable seeds, or biometric parameters in response to these nanoparticles. However, concentrations of 20 or 40 mg L−1 of Si and Ti nanoparticles notably improved maize germination rates, reduced abnormalities and non-viability in seedlings, and enhanced overall plant biometrics. These findings underscore the potential of SiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles to enhance maize seed germination and growth metrics.
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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Models did not adequately explain variation in germination, abnormal seedlings, non-viable seeds, or biometric parameters.
- Outcome
- variations in germination rate, abnormal seedlings, non-viable seeds, or biometric parameterse0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize ( Zea mays L.)”
e0“Mathematical models did not adequately explain variations in germination rate, abnormal seedlings, non-viable seeds, or biometric parameters in response to these nanoparticles.”
Claim · model-written summary
Si and Ti nanoparticle seed treatments at 20 or 40 mg L−1 improved maize germination rates.
- Treatment
- 20 or 40 mg L−1 of Si and Ti nanoparticlese0
- Outcome
- maize germination ratese0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize ( Zea mays L.)”
e0“concentrations of 20 or 40 mg L−1 of Si and Ti nanoparticles notably improved maize germination rates”
Claim · model-written summary
Si and Ti nanoparticles at 20 or 40 mg L−1 reduced abnormalities and non-viability in maize seedlings.
- Treatment
- 20 or 40 mg L−1 of Si and Ti nanoparticlese0
- Outcome
- abnormalities and non-viability in seedlingse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize ( Zea mays L.)”
e0“concentrations of 20 or 40 mg L−1 of Si and Ti nanoparticles notably improved maize germination rates, reduced abnormalities and non-viability in seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Si and Ti nanoparticles at 20 or 40 mg L−1 enhanced maize plant biometrics.
- Treatment
- 20 or 40 mg L−1 of Si and Ti nanoparticlese0
- Outcome
- overall plant biometricse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize ( Zea mays L.)”
e0“concentrations of 20 or 40 mg L−1 of Si and Ti nanoparticles notably improved maize germination rates, reduced abnormalities and non-viability in seedlings, and enhanced overall plant biometrics”
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See all 182 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.