Abstract
Background: Amalgamation of metal-tolerant plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) with biochar is a promising direction for the development of chemical-free biofertilizers that can mitigate environmental risks, enhance crop productivity and their biological value. The main objective of the work includes the evaluation of the influence of prepared bacterial biofertilizer (BF) on biometric growth parameters as well as physiological and biochemical characteristics of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) at copper action. Methods: The prepared BF was based on novel metal tolerant strain of PGPR Buttiauxella sp. EA20 isolated from the rhizosphere of orchid Epipactis atrorubens and birch wood biochar (BC). The pot-scale experiments included six treatments: peat-containing control substrate (CS); CS + 200Cu (200 mg Cu/kg of soil); CS + 5% BC (v/v); CS + 5% BC + 200Cu; CS + 5% BF (v/v); CS + 5% BF + 200Cu. Results: Single Cu treatment caused the decrease in rapeseed leaf area, shoot and root length, fresh and dry biomass, as well as an increase in water saturation deficit, possibly due to damage of cell membranes by lipid peroxidation. Addition of BF or BC alone mitigated these harmful effects of copper. Application of BF, regardless of Cu addition, increased the rapeseed leaf area (1.6 times on average), plant fresh and dry biomass (2.5 times on average), and photosynthetic pigment content (1.8 times on average). In addition, BF treatment along with Cu enhanced the antioxidant activity of B. napus due to the accumulation of non-enzymatic antioxidants such as carotenoids, free proline and soluble phenolic compounds, including flavonoids. Moreover, plant enrichment with copper and essential macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was observed. Conclusions: The study concludes that application of complex biofertilizer based on metal tolerant PGPR strain Buttiauxella sp. EA20 and birch wood biochar mitigated the harmful effects of copper, enhanced the rapeseed growth and increased its biological value. Future perspective includes evaluation of the potential for using the resulting biofertilizer to improve the growth and biofortification of other crop species.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Copper decreased rapeseed leaf area, shoot and root length, and biomass.
- Taxon
- rapeseede0
- Treatment
- Single Cu treatmente0
- Outcome
- leaf area, shoot and root lengthe0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Single Cu treatment caused the decrease in rapeseed leaf area, shoot and root length, fresh and dry biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper increased rapeseed water saturation deficit.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“as well as an increase in water saturation deficit”
e1“decrease in rapeseed leaf area”
e2“Single Cu treatment caused the decrease in rapeseed leaf area, shoot and root length, fresh and dry biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizer mitigated copper harm in rapeseed.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Addition of BF or BC alone mitigated these harmful effects of copper.”
e1“decrease in rapeseed leaf area”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar mitigated copper harm in rapeseed.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Addition of BF or BC alone mitigated these harmful effects of copper.”
e1“decrease in rapeseed leaf area”
Claim · model-written summary
BF increased rapeseed leaf area 1.6 times on average.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Application of BF, regardless of Cu addition, increased the rapeseed leaf area (1.6 times on average)”
Claim · model-written summary
BF increased rapeseed fresh and dry biomass 2.5 times on average.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“plant fresh and dry biomass (2.5 times on average)”
e1“Application of BF, regardless of Cu addition, increased the rapeseed leaf area”
Claim · model-written summary
BF increased photosynthetic pigment content 1.8 times on average.
- Taxon
- rapeseede1
- Treatment
- BFe1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigment contente0
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 1.8 timese0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“photosynthetic pigment content (1.8 times on average)”
e1“Application of BF, regardless of Cu addition, increased the rapeseed leaf area”
Claim · model-written summary
BF with copper enhanced antioxidant activity through non-enzymatic antioxidants.
- Taxon
- B. napus
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napuse0 - Treatment
- BF treatment along with Cue0
- Outcome
- antioxidant activitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- accumulation of non-enzymatic antioxidantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“BF treatment along with Cu enhanced the antioxidant activity of B. napus due to the accumulation of non-enzymatic antioxidants such as carotenoids, free proline and soluble phenolic compounds, including flavonoids.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rapeseed was enriched in copper and essential macronutrients.
Verbatim
e0“plant enrichment with copper and essential macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was observed.”
e1“decrease in rapeseed leaf area”
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