Abstract
This study evaluated the interactive effects of deficit irrigation and nitrogen application on eggplant growth and yield under water scarcity in Northern Qatar (2022–2023). Two irrigation regimes were tested: full irrigation (100 %, I 2 ) and deficit irrigation (50 %, I 1 ), along with three nitrogen levels: 100 kg N ha −1 (F 3 ), 70 kg N ha −1 (F 2 ), and 50 kg N ha −1 (F 1 ). The six treatment combinations (I 1,2 + F 1,2,3. ) were analyzed for vegetative growth, yield components, and overall yield. Deficit irrigation (I 1 ) increased eggplant fruit yield by 17.86 % compared to full irrigation (I 2 ) and improved shoot height, stem diameter, and SPAD index. Nitrogen application also significantly influenced vegetative growth, with the best results seen at 50 kg N ha −1 . While average fruit weight did not differ significantly across nitrogen levels, the highest fruit yield was recorded under F 1 and F 2 treatments. Water use efficiency (WUE) was highest under deficit irrigation (I 1 ) at the 70 kg N ha −1 level (I 1 + F 2 ), reaching 0.41 kg ha −1 mm −1 . The lowest WUE of 0.23 kg ha −1 mm −1 was observed in I 2 + F 2 , which also had the lowest fruit yield (24.43 t ha −1 ). Applying 70 kg N ha −1 during deficit irrigation (I 1 + F 2 ) produced the highest fruit yield compared to other treatments, although no significant difference was found with I 1 + F 1 . The study highlights the importance of optimized nitrogen and irrigation management for maximizing eggplant production in water-limited environments. • Deficit drip irrigation enhances water use without yield losses. • Excessive irrigation decreases eggplant yield. • 50 % irrigation optimizes eggplant yield. • Evaluated techniques for water-saving in arid eggplant production.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation increased eggplant fruit yield by 17.86% versus full irrigation.
- Taxon
- eggplant
Solanum melongenae0 - Treatment
- Deficit irrigation (I 1 )e0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 17.86 %e0
- Comparator
- full irrigation (I 2 )e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Deficit irrigation (I 1 ) increased eggplant fruit yield by 17.86 % compared to full irrigation (I 2 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation improved shoot height, stem diameter and SPAD index.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- Deficit irrigation (I 1 )e0
- Outcome
- shoot height, stem diameter, and SPAD indexe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- full irrigation (I 2 )e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Deficit irrigation (I 1 ) increased eggplant fruit yield by 17.86 % compared to full irrigation (I 2 ) and improved shoot height, stem diameter, and SPAD index.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen significantly influenced vegetative growth, best at 50 kg N ha −1.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- 50 kg N ha −1e0
- Outcome
- vegetative growthe0
- Direction
- beste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen application also significantly influenced vegetative growth, with the best results seen at 50 kg N ha −1 .”
t0“eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Average fruit weight did not differ significantly across nitrogen levels.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- nitrogen levelse0
- Outcome
- average fruit weighte0
- Direction
- did not differe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While average fruit weight did not differ significantly across nitrogen levels”
t0“eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
F1 and F2 had the highest fruit yield among nitrogen treatments.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- F 1 and F 2 treatmentse0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest fruit yield was recorded under F 1 and F 2 treatments.”
t0“eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation with 70 kg N ha −1 yielded the highest water use efficiency, 0.41 kg ha −1 mm −1.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- deficit irrigation (I 1 ) at the 70 kg N ha −1 levele0
- Outcome
- Water use efficiency (WUE)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 0.41 kg ha −1 mm −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water use efficiency (WUE) was highest under deficit irrigation (I 1 ) at the 70 kg N ha −1 level (I 1 + F 2 ), reaching 0.41 kg ha −1 mm −1 .”
t0“eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
I2 + F2 had the lowest water use efficiency, 0.23 kg ha −1 mm −1.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- I 2 + F 2e0
- Outcome
- WUEe0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 0.23 kg ha −1 mm −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lowest WUE of 0.23 kg ha −1 mm −1 was observed in I 2 + F 2”
t0“eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
I2 + F2 had the lowest fruit yield, 24.43 t ha −1.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- I 2 + F 2e0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 24.43 t ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“I 2 + F 2 , which also had the lowest fruit yield (24.43 t ha −1 )”
t0“eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
I1 + F2 produced the highest fruit yield compared with other treatments.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- 70 kg N ha −1 during deficit irrigation (I 1 + F 2 )e0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying 70 kg N ha −1 during deficit irrigation (I 1 + F 2 ) produced the highest fruit yield compared to other treatments”
t0“eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
I1 + F2 fruit yield did not significantly differ from I1 + F1.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- I 1 + F 2t1
- Outcome
- fruit yielde1
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Comparator
- I 1 + F 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“although no significant difference was found with I 1 + F 1 .”
t0“eggplant”
t1“Applying 70 kg N ha −1 during deficit irrigation (I 1 + F 2 ) produced”
e1“Applying 70 kg N ha −1 during deficit irrigation (I 1 + F 2 ) produced the highest fruit yield compared to other treatments”
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