Abstract
Applying organic fertilizers is an issue that is acquiring high attention in modern agriculture. This study aims to evaluate the impact of the co-application of vermicompost and biochar on the growth performance and productivity of sweet pepper plants grown under greenhouse conditions. The applied treatments were as follows: 100% vermicompost (T1), 75% vermicompost + 25% biochar (T2), 50% vermicompost + 50% biochar (T3), 50% biochar + 50% compost (T4), 75% compost + 25% biochar (T5), and 100% compost (control-T6). All applied treatments were distributed randomly, and each treatment was repeated three times over two seasons. The data analysis revealed that the application of vermicompost—alone or in combination with biochar—significantly increased the plant growth measurements (plant height, SPAD value, leaf area, No. of leaves, and No. of branches), leaf nutrient content (N, P, K, and Ca), and total yield in both seasons. The application of vermicompost—alone (T1) or in combination with biochar (T2 and T3)—on average over both seasons significantly increased the total yield by 31.12%, 26.47%, and 22.53%, respectively, compared with the control treatment (T6). Furthermore, the aforementioned treatments also increased the physical quality (fresh fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, and flesh thickness) and chemical quality of sweet pepper fruits [total phenol content (TPC), total soluble solids (TSS), ascorbic acid (AsA), β-carotenoids (β-Carot), and titratable acidity (TA)]. In addition, the co-application of biochar with vermicompost and compost caused a significant reduction in the fruit nitrate concentration compared with the control (T6) over two seasons. In conclusion, the simultaneous application of biochar with vermicompost and compost is a promising strategy to improve the growth performance, nutrition status, total yield, and fruit quality of pepper plants, as well as to reduce the nitrate concentration in the fruits.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost alone or with biochar significantly increased pepper growth measurements.
- Taxon
- sweet pepper
Capsicum annuumt0 - Treatment
- vermicompost—alone or in combination with biochare0
- Outcome
- plant growth measurementse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of vermicompost—alone or in combination with biochar—significantly increased the plant growth measurements (plant height, SPAD value, leaf area, No. of leaves, and No. of branches)”
t0“Sweet Pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost alone or with biochar significantly increased pepper leaf nutrient content.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- vermicompost—alone or in combination with biochare0
- Outcome
- leaf nutrient content (N, P, K, and Ca)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of vermicompost—alone or in combination with biochar—significantly increased the plant growth measurements (plant height, SPAD value, leaf area, No. of leaves, and No. of branches), leaf nutrient content (N, P, K, and Ca)”
t0“Sweet Pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Pure vermicompost raised pepper total yield by 31.12% relative to compost control.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- vermicompost—alone (T1)e0
- Outcome
- total yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 31.12%e0
- Comparator
- control treatment (T6)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“vermicompost—alone (T1) or in combination with biochar (T2 and T3)—on average over both seasons significantly increased the total yield by 31.12%, 26.47%, and 22.53%, respectively, compared with the control treatment (T6)”
t0“Sweet Pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
T2 raised pepper total yield by 26.47% relative to compost control.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- T2e0
- Outcome
- total yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 26.47%e0
- Comparator
- control treatment (T6)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“vermicompost—alone (T1) or in combination with biochar (T2 and T3)—on average over both seasons significantly increased the total yield by 31.12%, 26.47%, and 22.53%, respectively, compared with the control treatment (T6)”
t0“Sweet Pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
T3 raised pepper total yield by 22.53% relative to compost control.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- T3e0
- Outcome
- total yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 22.53%e0
- Comparator
- control treatment (T6)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“vermicompost—alone (T1) or in combination with biochar (T2 and T3)—on average over both seasons significantly increased the total yield by 31.12%, 26.47%, and 22.53%, respectively, compared with the control treatment (T6)”
t0“Sweet Pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
The T1, T2 and T3 treatments increased pepper physical fruit quality.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- aforementioned treatmentse0
- Outcome
- physical qualitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“aforementioned treatments also increased the physical quality (fresh fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, and flesh thickness)”
t0“Sweet Pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
The T1, T2 and T3 treatments increased pepper chemical fruit quality.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuume0
- Treatment
- aforementioned treatmentse0
- Outcome
- chemical quality of sweet pepper fruitse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“aforementioned treatments also increased the physical quality (fresh fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, and flesh thickness) and chemical quality of sweet pepper fruits [total phenol content (TPC), total soluble solids (TSS), ascorbic acid (AsA), β-carotenoids (β-Carot), and titratable acidity (TA)]”
t0“Sweet Pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar with vermicompost and compost significantly reduced pepper fruit nitrate relative to compost control.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- co-application of biochar with vermicompost and composte0
- Outcome
- fruit nitrate concentratione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- control (T6)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“co-application of biochar with vermicompost and compost caused a significant reduction in the fruit nitrate concentration compared with the control (T6) over two seasons”
t0“Sweet Pepper”
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