Abstract
The rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae, is an insect pest that can pose severe harm to stored grains. Rice weevils, both adults and larvae, cause significant economic losses because they can infest a wide range of plants and stored goods. Nanoparticle insecticides are created and studied to replace the overly-used synthetic chemical insecticides. The purpose of this study is to investigate the susceptibility of several commercialized rice brands towards S. oryzae infestation and to assess the toxicity of different types of zinc oxide (ZnO) against S. oryzae. The study involved twelve rice brands, and S. oryzae infestation rates were observed in the laboratory for 17 weeks. The infestation rates were obtained at the end of the observation period. To obtain the required dosages of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8% (w/w), four different concentrations of each type of ZnO nanoparticle that had undergone various reactivity modifications were mixed with rice for bioassays test. S. oryzae has been proven to be susceptible to almost all commercialized rice brands studied in this research. Based on the data, it can be concluded that the ZnO nanoparticle modified with gamma-ray is the most effective at controlling S. oryzae, as 100% mortality was seen after three days of treatment at concentrations between 0.4 to 0.08% (w/w). The slow emergence of pests in monitored rice brands is attributed to the protectants and their residue, which work by eradicating eggs and adults that have consumed the grain. Zinc oxide type 7A is the most toxic towards S. oryzae because of its exposure to gamma-ray which has the highest energy compared to neutron and beta rays. This results in the release of more active molecules to act on the pest.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Nearly all studied rice brands were susceptible to S. oryzae.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Interactor
- S. oryzae
Sitophilus oryzaee0pest - Outcome
- susceptible to almost all commercialized rice brandse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S. oryzae has been proven to be susceptible to almost all commercialized rice brands studied in this research.”
Claim · model-written summary
Gamma ray modified ZnO gave 100% S. oryzae mortality after three days.
- Treatment
- ZnO nanoparticle modified with gamma-raye0
- Interactor
- S. oryzaeSitophilus oryzaee0pest
- Outcome
- S. oryzaee0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Qualifier
- after three days of treatment at concentrations between 0.4 to 0.08% (w/w)e0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZnO nanoparticle modified with gamma-ray is the most effective at controlling S. oryzae, as 100% mortality was seen after three days of treatment at concentrations between 0.4 to 0.08% (w/w).”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attributed slow pest emergence to grain protectant residues.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- slow emergence of pestse0
- Qualifier
- protectants and their residuee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The slow emergence of pests in monitored rice brands is attributed to the protectants and their residue, which work by eradicating eggs and adults that have consumed the grain.”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc oxide type 7A was considered most toxic to S. oryzae due to gamma ray exposure.
- Treatment
- Zinc oxide type 7Ae0
- Interactor
- S. oryzaeSitophilus oryzaee0pest
- Outcome
- most toxic towards S. oryzaee0
Not reportedTaxon
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc oxide type 7A is the most toxic towards S. oryzae because of its exposure to gamma-ray which has the highest energy compared to neutron and beta rays.”
The same questions in other papers
radiation · Sitophilus oryzae · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
nanoparticle · Sitophilus oryzae · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.