Abstract
Finding solutions to mitigate the impact of salinity on crops is important for global food security because soil salinity significantly reduces plant growth and grain yield. Ethanol may play an important role in mitigating the negative salt-induced effects on crops. Soybean root growth was significantly reduced under salt stress; however, it was restored and comparable to control values by ethanol application even under stress. To study the positive mechanism of ethanol on soybean growth, a proteomic approach was carried out. The categories with the greatest changes in protein numbers were protein metabolism, transport, and cell organization in biological processes, nucleus and cytosol in cellular components, and nucleic acid binding activity in molecular functions. Proteomic data were confirmed using immunoblot analysis. Reactive oxygen species enzymes increased under salt stress; among them, mitochondrial ascorbate peroxidase was further accumulated by ethanol application. Among the cell wall and membrane-associated proteins, xyloglucan xyloglucosyl transferase and H+-ATPase increased and decreased, respectively, under salt stress; however, they were restored to control levels by ethanol application. These results suggest that soybeans were adversely affected by salt stress and recovered with ethanol application via the regulation of cell wall and membrane functions through the detoxification of reactive oxygen species.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress significantly reduced soybean root growth.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- root growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean root growth was significantly reduced under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethanol restored soybean root growth under salt stress to control values.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- ethanol applicatione0
- Outcome
- Growtht0
- Direction
- restorede0
- Comparator
- control valuese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it was restored and comparable to control values by ethanol application even under stress”
t0“Soybean Growth Under Salt Stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Proteins in metabolism, transport and cell organization categories changed most.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- protein numberse0
- Direction
- greatest changese0
- Qualifier
- protein metabolism, transport, and cell organizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The categories with the greatest changes in protein numbers were protein metabolism, transport, and cell organization in biological processes”
t0“Proteomic Analysis to Understand the Promotive Effect of Ethanol on Soybean Growth Under Salt Stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Nucleus and cytosol categories had the greatest protein count changes.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- nucleus and cytosole0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nucleus and cytosol in cellular components”
t0“Proteomic Analysis to Understand the Promotive Effect of Ethanol on Soybean Growth Under Salt Stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Nucleic acid binding activity had among the greatest protein count changes.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- nucleic acid binding activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nucleic acid binding activity in molecular functions”
t0“Proteomic Analysis to Understand the Promotive Effect of Ethanol on Soybean Growth Under Salt Stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Immunoblot analysis confirmed proteomic data.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- Proteomic data were confirmede0
- Comparator
- immunoblot analysise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Proteomic data were confirmed using immunoblot analysis.”
t0“Proteomic Analysis to Understand the Promotive Effect of Ethanol on Soybean Growth Under Salt Stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Reactive oxygen species enzymes increased under salt stress.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- Reactive oxygen species enzymese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reactive oxygen species enzymes increased under salt stress”
t0“Proteomic Analysis to Understand the Promotive Effect of Ethanol on Soybean Growth Under Salt Stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethanol further accumulated mitochondrial ascorbate peroxidase under salt stress.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- ethanol applicatione0
- Gene
- mitochondrial ascorbate peroxidasee0
- Outcome
- mitochondrial ascorbate peroxidasee0
- Direction
- further accumulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mitochondrial ascorbate peroxidase was further accumulated by ethanol application”
t0“Proteomic Analysis to Understand the Promotive Effect of Ethanol on Soybean Growth Under Salt Stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased xyloglucan xyloglucosyl transferase.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Gene
- xyloglucan xyloglucosyl transferasee0
- Outcome
- xyloglucan xyloglucosyl transferasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“xyloglucan xyloglucosyl transferase and H+-ATPase increased and decreased, respectively, under salt stress”
t0“Proteomic Analysis to Understand the Promotive Effect of Ethanol on Soybean Growth Under Salt Stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress decreased H+-ATPase.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Gene
- H+-ATPasee0
- Outcome
- H+-ATPasee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“xyloglucan xyloglucosyl transferase and H+-ATPase increased and decreased, respectively, under salt stress”
t0“Proteomic Analysis to Understand the Promotive Effect of Ethanol on Soybean Growth Under Salt Stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethanol restored xyloglucan xyloglucosyl transferase and H+-ATPase to control levels under salt stress.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- ethanol applicatione0
- Outcome
- xyloglucan xyloglucosyl transferase and H+-ATPasee0
- Direction
- restorede0
- Comparator
- control levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“xyloglucan xyloglucosyl transferase and H+-ATPase increased and decreased, respectively, under salt stress; however, they were restored to control levels by ethanol application.”
t0“Proteomic Analysis to Understand the Promotive Effect of Ethanol on Soybean Growth Under Salt Stress”
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