Abstract
This study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of chitosan nanoparticles (ChNPs), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and their combination (Ch-AgNPs) in controlling the chocolate spot of faba bean caused by Botrytis fabae. Five isolates of B. fabae were collected from diseased faba bean plants and screened for pathogenicity on the most susceptible faba bean cultivar, Giza 843. Among the isolates, B. fabae isolate No.3 exhibited the highest virulence. Antifungal effects of ChNPs, AgNPs (with an average particle size of 15 and 42 nm, respectively), and Ch-AgNPs mixture at 5, 10 and 20 ppm were assessed against B. fabae isolate No.3. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the Ch-AgNPs mixture at 20 ppm exhibited the greatest inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of B. fabae, with a reduction of 100% compared to the individual nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy revealed notable cellular changes in B. fabae cells treated with the Ch-AgNPs mixture. Greenhouse results exhibited that the great reductions in disease severity were achieved with Tridex 80% WP® fungicide (96.51%), followed by Ch-AgNPs mixture with 84.53% reduction. The Ch-AgNPs mixture effectively enhanced the activity of peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase enzymes and the total phenol content in the plants. Application of ChNPs, AgNPs, and the Ch-AgNPs mixture significantly improved faba bean growth and yield parameters. However, the cytotoxicity assay indicated a concentration-dependent toxic effect of Ch-AgNPs, with no significant hemolytic activity observed in red blood cells. In conclusion, the Ch-AgNPs mixture was promising as a fungicide for combating the chocolate spot in faba bean.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Botrytis fabae isolate No.3 had the highest virulence on faba bean.
- Taxon
- faba bean
Vicia fabae1 - Interactor
- B. fabae isolate No.3
Botrytis fabaee0pathogen - Outcome
- highest virulencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among the isolates, B. fabae isolate No.3 exhibited the highest virulence”
e1“diseased faba bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The 20 ppm chitosan and silver nanoparticle mixture completely inhibited B. fabae mycelial growth relative to individual nanoparticles.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae1
- Treatment
- Ch-AgNPs mixture at 20 ppme0
- Interactor
- B. fabaeBotrytis fabaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- mycelial growth of B. fabaee0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Comparator
- individual nanoparticlese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the Ch-AgNPs mixture at 20 ppm exhibited the greatest inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of B. fabae, with a reduction of 100% compared to the individual nanoparticles”
e1“faba bean caused by Botrytis fabae”
Claim · model-written summary
The nanoparticle mixture caused cellular changes in B. fabae.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae1
- Interactor
- B. fabaeBotrytis fabaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- notable cellular changes in B. fabae cellse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“notable cellular changes in B. fabae cells treated with the Ch-AgNPs mixture”
e1“faba bean caused by Botrytis fabae”
Claim · model-written summary
Tridex fungicide reduced faba bean disease severity by 96.51%.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae1
- Treatment
- Tridex 80% WP® fungicidee0
- Interactor
- Botrytis fabaeBotrytis fabaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 96.51%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“great reductions in disease severity were achieved with Tridex 80% WP® fungicide (96.51%)”
e1“faba bean caused by Botrytis fabae”
Claim · model-written summary
The nanoparticle mixture reduced faba bean disease severity by 84.53%.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae2
- Treatment
- Ch-AgNPs mixturee0
- Interactor
- Botrytis fabaeBotrytis fabaee2pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye1
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 84.53%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ch-AgNPs mixture with 84.53% reduction”
e1“great reductions in disease severity were achieved with Tridex 80% WP® fungicide (96.51%)”
e2“faba bean caused by Botrytis fabae”
Claim · model-written summary
The nanoparticle mixture enhanced faba bean peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase activity and total phenol content.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae1
- Treatment
- Ch-AgNPs mixturee0
- Interactor
- Botrytis fabaeBotrytis fabaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- activity of peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase enzymes and the total phenol contente0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Ch-AgNPs mixture effectively enhanced the activity of peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase enzymes and the total phenol content in the plants”
e1“faba bean caused by Botrytis fabae”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan nanoparticles improved faba bean growth and yield parameters.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- ChNPse0
- Outcome
- faba bean growth and yield parameterse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of ChNPs, AgNPs, and the Ch-AgNPs mixture significantly improved faba bean growth and yield parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Silver nanoparticles improved faba bean growth and yield parameters.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- AgNPse0
- Outcome
- faba bean growth and yield parameterse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of ChNPs, AgNPs, and the Ch-AgNPs mixture significantly improved faba bean growth and yield parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
The chitosan-silver nanoparticle mixture improved faba bean growth and yield parameters.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- Ch-AgNPs mixturee0
- Outcome
- faba bean growth and yield parameterse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of ChNPs, AgNPs, and the Ch-AgNPs mixture significantly improved faba bean growth and yield parameters”
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