Abstract
A study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of some non-traditional methods, alone and in combination with recommended fungicides, for controlling Botrytis fabae Sard, the causal agent choclate spot of faba bean under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (O2 ·- and H2O2) which induce oxidative stress in plants was determined. Moreover, protein analysis of faba bean infected leaves was carried out to investigate the mechanism of disease reduction in different treatments. Results showed that all the tested materials were effective against B. fabae under laboratory conditions relative to control while in greenhouse experiments tested fungicides were the most effective ones, followed by microorganisms and nanosilver, respectively. Moreover, the mixtures of tested fungicides with nanosilver improved their efficacy against choclate spot disease of faba bean rather than using each separately. The endogenous superoxide and hydrogen peroxide levels increased significantly in treated leaves relative to untreated control. Data of protein analysis showed differences in faba bean leaves protein under the tested treatments which implied different gene(s) expression and different response of faba bean to the disease severity of the choclate spot. Effective microorganisms and nanosilver are promising alternatives to fungicides for controlling choclate spot of faba bean. Also, this study suggests the possibility of mixing nanosilver with some fungicides to minimize health risk and environmental pollution.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
All tested materials were effective against B. fabae under laboratory conditions relative to control.
- Taxon
- Faba bean
Vicia fabat0 - Treatment
- the tested materialse1
- Interactor
- B. fabae
Botrytis fabaee1pathogen - Outcome
- effective against B. fabaee1
- Comparator
- controle1
- Setting
- laboratory conditionse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“of Faba bean Caused by Botrytis fabae Sard”
e1“Results showed that all the tested materials were effective against B. fabae under laboratory conditions relative to control while in greenhouse experiments tested fungicides were the most effective ones, followed by microorganisms and nanosilver, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Tested fungicides were the most effective treatments against B. fabae in greenhouse experiments.
- Taxon
- Faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- tested fungicidese1
- Interactor
- B. fabaeBotrytis fabaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- the most effective onese1
- Comparator
- microorganisms and nanosilvere1
- Setting
- greenhouse experimentse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“of Faba bean Caused by Botrytis fabae Sard”
e1“Results showed that all the tested materials were effective against B. fabae under laboratory conditions relative to control while in greenhouse experiments tested fungicides were the most effective ones, followed by microorganisms and nanosilver, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Microorganisms were the next most effective treatment against B. fabae in greenhouse experiments.
- Taxon
- Faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- microorganismse1
- Interactor
- B. fabaeBotrytis fabaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- the most effective onese1
- Direction
- followed bye1
- Comparator
- tested fungicidese1
- Setting
- greenhouse experimentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“of Faba bean Caused by Botrytis fabae Sard”
e1“Results showed that all the tested materials were effective against B. fabae under laboratory conditions relative to control while in greenhouse experiments tested fungicides were the most effective ones, followed by microorganisms and nanosilver, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanosilver was the least effective of the tested treatments against B. fabae in greenhouse experiments.
- Taxon
- Faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- nanosilvere1
- Interactor
- B. fabaeBotrytis fabaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- the most effective onese1
- Direction
- followed bye1
- Comparator
- tested fungicidese1
- Setting
- greenhouse experimentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“of Faba bean Caused by Botrytis fabae Sard”
e1“Results showed that all the tested materials were effective against B. fabae under laboratory conditions relative to control while in greenhouse experiments tested fungicides were the most effective ones, followed by microorganisms and nanosilver, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixtures of tested fungicides with nanosilver improved efficacy against chocolate spot compared with using each separately.
- Taxon
- Faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- mixtures of tested fungicides with nanosilvere2
- Outcome
- efficacy against choclate spot diseasee2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Comparator
- using each separatelye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“of Faba bean Caused by Botrytis fabae Sard”
e2“the mixtures of tested fungicides with nanosilver improved their efficacy against choclate spot disease of faba bean rather than using each separately”
Claim · model-written summary
Endogenous superoxide and hydrogen peroxide levels increased significantly in treated faba bean leaves relative to untreated control.
- Taxon
- Faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- treated leavese3
- Outcome
- endogenous superoxide and hydrogen peroxide levelse3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Comparator
- untreated controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“of Faba bean Caused by Botrytis fabae Sard”
e3“The endogenous superoxide and hydrogen peroxide levels increased significantly in treated leaves relative to untreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf protein profiles of faba bean differed among the tested treatments.
- Taxon
- Faba beanVicia fabat0
- Outcome
- faba bean leaves proteine4
- Qualifier
- under the tested treatmentse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“of Faba bean Caused by Botrytis fabae Sard”
e4“Data of protein analysis showed differences in faba bean leaves protein under the tested treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Effective microorganisms and nanosilver are promising alternatives to fungicides for controlling chocolate spot of faba bean.
- Taxon
- Faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- Effective microorganisms and nanosilvere5
- Outcome
- controlling choclate spote5
- Comparator
- fungicidese5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“of Faba bean Caused by Botrytis fabae Sard”
e5“Effective microorganisms and nanosilver are promising alternatives to fungicides for controlling choclate spot of faba bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixing nanosilver with some fungicides may minimise health risk and environmental pollution.
- Taxon
- Faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- mixing nanosilver with some fungicidese6
- Outcome
- health risk and environmental pollutione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“of Faba bean Caused by Botrytis fabae Sard”
e6“this study suggests the possibility of mixing nanosilver with some fungicides to minimize health risk and environmental pollution”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · Botrytis fabae · Vicia faba (faba bean)Positive and negative results
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- negative
- negative
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See all 8 papers →fungicide · control · Vicia faba (faba bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
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nanoparticle · control · Vicia faba (faba bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
nanoparticle · Botrytis fabae · Vicia faba (faba bean)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
fungicide · Botrytis fabae · Vicia faba (faba bean)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.