Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is crucial for plant growth and development. Exogenous dopamine has been shown to improve the N-deficiency tolerance of apple. However, the potential regulatory mechanisms by which dopamine mitigates low-N stress remain unclear. Our data indicated that the dopamine levels in apple (Malus domestica) were elevated by the overexpression (OE) of MdTYDC, which encodes tyrosine decarboxylase, a key enzyme in dopamine biosynthesis. The photosynthetic capacity of the OE lines was enhanced, and the root system was more extensive under low-N stress compared with the wild-type (WT) plants. This enhancement contributed to a greater net nitrate influx at the root surface in the OE lines compared with the WT. Transcriptomic and carbohydrate analyses suggested that the OE of MdTYDC in apple enhanced N-deficiency tolerance by promoting the expression of carbohydrate-related genes, which increased the content of soluble sugars and sorbitol. Both exogenous dopamine and MdTYDC OE activated the expression of MdORG2 (a bHLH transcription factor), which, in turn, directly binds to the promoter of MdTYDC, activating its expression, increasing dopamine levels, and consequently conferring strong low-N tolerance in apple. Thus, this reveals the molecular pathways by which dopamine regulates low-N tolerance in apple through pathways involving MdTYDC and MdORG2.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
MdTYDC overexpression elevated dopamine levels in apple.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae0 - Treatment
- overexpression (OE) of MdTYDCe0
- Gene
- MdTYDCe0
- Outcome
- dopamine levelse0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dopamine levels in apple (Malus domestica) were elevated by the overexpression (OE) of MdTYDC”
Claim · model-written summary
MdTYDC overexpression enhanced photosynthetic capacity under low-nitrogen stress relative to wild type.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- OE linese0
- Treatment
- low-N stresse0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic capacitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- wild-type (WT) plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The photosynthetic capacity of the OE lines was enhanced, and the root system was more extensive under low-N stress compared with the wild-type (WT) plants”
t0“Apple Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
MdTYDC overexpression produced a more extensive root system under low-nitrogen stress than wild type.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- OE linese0
- Treatment
- low-N stresse0
- Outcome
- root systeme0
- Direction
- more extensivee0
- Comparator
- wild-type (WT) plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The photosynthetic capacity of the OE lines was enhanced, and the root system was more extensive under low-N stress compared with the wild-type (WT) plants”
t0“Apple Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The overexpression lines had greater net nitrate influx at the root surface than wild type.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- OE linese0
- Treatment
- OE linese0
- Outcome
- net nitrate influx at the root surfacee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- WTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greater net nitrate influx at the root surface in the OE lines compared with the WT”
t0“Apple Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
MdTYDC overexpression promoted expression of carbohydrate-related genes in apple.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- OE of MdTYDCe0
- Gene
- carbohydrate-related genese0
- Outcome
- expression of carbohydrate-related genese0
- Direction
- promotinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OE of MdTYDC in apple enhanced N-deficiency tolerance by promoting the expression of carbohydrate-related genes”
Claim · model-written summary
MdTYDC overexpression increased soluble sugar and sorbitol content in apple.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- MdTYDC OEe1
- Outcome
- content of soluble sugars and sorbitole0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which increased the content of soluble sugars and sorbitol”
t0“Apple Plants”
e1“MdTYDC OE activated the expression of MdORG2”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous dopamine activated MdORG2 expression in apple.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- exogenous dopaminee0
- Gene
- MdORG2e0
- Outcome
- expression of MdORG2e0
- Direction
- activatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both exogenous dopamine and MdTYDC OE activated the expression of MdORG2”
t0“Apple Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
MdTYDC overexpression activated MdORG2 expression in apple.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- MdTYDC OEe0
- Gene
- MdORG2e0
- Outcome
- expression of MdORG2e0
- Direction
- activatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both exogenous dopamine and MdTYDC OE activated the expression of MdORG2”
t0“Apple Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
MdORG2 bound directly to the MdTYDC promoter and activated its expression.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Gene
- MdORG2e0
- Outcome
- directly binds to the promoter of MdTYDC, activating its expressione0
- Direction
- activatinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MdORG2 (a bHLH transcription factor), which, in turn, directly binds to the promoter of MdTYDC, activating its expression”
t0“Apple Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
MdORG2 activation increased dopamine levels and conferred strong low-nitrogen tolerance in apple.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Gene
- MdORG2e1
- Compound
- dopaminee0
- Outcome
- strong low-N tolerancee0
- Direction
- conferringe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing dopamine levels, and consequently conferring strong low-N tolerance in apple”
e1“MdORG2 (a bHLH transcription factor)”
The same questions in other papers
dopamine · molecular: expression · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.