Abstract
Ridge–furrow with plastic film mulching (RFPFM) is quite successful under dryland agriculture. However, its suitability for sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) production with different plastic film mulching techniques such as ridge–furrow fully covered with plastic film mulching (FM) and half mulching (HM), in combination with appropriate nitrogen (N) fertilizer management remains uncertain. The current research investigated the performance of sunflower crop under three planting patterns (HM, FM and CP, i.e., conventional planting on flat land without plastic film mulching) and two N doses (120 and 240 kg N ha –1 ) in northwest China. The objectives were to evaluate the soil hydrothermal conditions, crop performance, water productivity (WP), N harvest index (NHI) and seed yield, under different combinations of these treatments. The results showed that both HM and FM had 1.8 °C higher topsoil temperature during seedling stage and soil moisture (+21 % and +30 %) during the whole growth stage, respectively, when compared to CP. The favorable hydrothermal conditions under HM and FM accelerated the seedling emergence and shortened the crop growth duration by nearly 5 days, and further improved seed yield (+23 and +33 %), WP (+26 and +36 %), and N uptake (+20 and +24 %), compared to CP. A comparison between FM and HM treatments did not show a significant increase in WP or yield for the former, despite improved soil hydrothermal conditions. In addition, increasing N application rate from 120 to 240 kg N ha –1 did not lead to a consistent and significant effect on total N uptake, WP and seed yield. Overall, the present study suggests that HM, when coupled with a reduced N dose, can replace FM in sunflower production. This approach reduces the use of plastic film and N fertilizer, while efficiently conserving water, enhancing WP and improving seed yield of sunflower under dry and semi–humid conditions. • Plastic mulching enhanced sunflower yield and water productivity due to improved soil moisture. • The higher N application rate did not increase sunflower yield and water productivity. • The yield of half mulched ridge-furrow plots (HM) was at par with fully mulched ridge-furrows. • HM can be recommended to reduce plastic film usage without compromising yield or water productivity.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
HM and FM increased topsoil temperature by 1.8 °C relative to CP.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Organ / stage
- seedling stagee0
- Treatment
- both HM and FMe0
- Outcome
- topsoil temperaturee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.8 °Ce0
- Comparator
- CPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both HM and FM had 1.8 °C higher topsoil temperature during seedling stage and soil moisture (+21 % and +30 %) during the whole growth stage, respectively, when compared to CP”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
HM increased soil moisture by 21% relative to CP.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- HMe0
- Outcome
- soil moisturee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- +21 %e0
- Comparator
- CPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both HM and FM had 1.8 °C higher topsoil temperature during seedling stage and soil moisture (+21 % and +30 %) during the whole growth stage, respectively, when compared to CP”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
FM increased soil moisture by 30% relative to CP.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- FMe0
- Outcome
- soil moisturee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- +30 %e0
- Comparator
- CPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both HM and FM had 1.8 °C higher topsoil temperature during seedling stage and soil moisture (+21 % and +30 %) during the whole growth stage, respectively, when compared to CP”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
HM and FM accelerated sunflower seedling emergence relative to CP.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- HM and FMe0
- Outcome
- seedling emergencee0
- Direction
- acceleratede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The favorable hydrothermal conditions under HM and FM accelerated the seedling emergence”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
HM and FM shortened crop growth duration by nearly five days.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- HM and FMe0
- Outcome
- crop growth duratione0
- Direction
- shortenede0
- Value
- nearly 5 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HM and FM accelerated the seedling emergence and shortened the crop growth duration by nearly 5 days”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
HM increased sunflower seed yield by 23% versus CP.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- HMe1
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- +23e0
- Comparator
- CPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“further improved seed yield (+23 and +33 %), WP (+26 and +36 %), and N uptake (+20 and +24 %), compared to CP”
e1“under HM and FM”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
FM increased sunflower seed yield by 33% versus CP.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- FMe1
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- +33 %e0
- Comparator
- CPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“further improved seed yield (+23 and +33 %), WP (+26 and +36 %), and N uptake (+20 and +24 %), compared to CP”
e1“under HM and FM”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
HM increased water productivity by 26% versus CP.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- HMe1
- Outcome
- WPe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- +26e0
- Comparator
- CPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“further improved seed yield (+23 and +33 %), WP (+26 and +36 %), and N uptake (+20 and +24 %), compared to CP”
e1“under HM and FM”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
FM increased water productivity by 36% versus CP.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- FMe1
- Outcome
- WPe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- +36 %e0
- Comparator
- CPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“further improved seed yield (+23 and +33 %), WP (+26 and +36 %), and N uptake (+20 and +24 %), compared to CP”
e1“under HM and FM”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
HM increased nitrogen uptake by 20% versus CP.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- HMe1
- Outcome
- N uptakee0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- +20e0
- Comparator
- CPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“further improved seed yield (+23 and +33 %), WP (+26 and +36 %), and N uptake (+20 and +24 %), compared to CP”
e1“under HM and FM”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
FM increased nitrogen uptake by 24% versus CP.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- FMe1
- Outcome
- N uptakee0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- +24 %e0
- Comparator
- CPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“further improved seed yield (+23 and +33 %), WP (+26 and +36 %), and N uptake (+20 and +24 %), compared to CP”
e1“under HM and FM”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
FM did not significantly increase WP or yield over HM.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- FMe0
- Outcome
- WP or yielde0
- Direction
- did not show a significant increasee0
- Comparator
- HMe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A comparison between FM and HM treatments did not show a significant increase in WP or yield for the former”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Raising nitrogen from 120 to 240 kg N ha –1 had no consistent significant effect on uptake, WP or yield.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- increasing N application rate from 120 to 240 kg N ha –1e0
- Outcome
- total N uptake, WP and seed yielde0
- Direction
- did not lead to a consistent and significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing N application rate from 120 to 240 kg N ha –1 did not lead to a consistent and significant effect on total N uptake, WP and seed yield”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend HM with reduced nitrogen as a replacement for FM in sunflower production.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- HM, when coupled with a reduced N dosee0
- Outcome
- HM, when coupled with a reduced N dose, can replace FMe0
- Comparator
- FMe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HM, when coupled with a reduced N dose, can replace FM in sunflower production”
t0“sunflower”
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