Abstract
Background: Lettuce cultivation, known for its high germination potential, can benefit significantly from soil amendment practices like biochar application. This study investigates the influence of varying biochar application rates (30 t/ha, 15 t/ha, and 7.5 t/ha) and particle sizes (≤0.5 mm and ≥2 mm), derived from a blend of bamboo culm sheath and coconut husk, on lettuce seed germination and leaf morphology. Methods: The field experiment utilized a factorial design within a Randomized Complete Block Design during the 2021/2022 major and minor cropping seasons. Results: Results revealed that biochar addition significantly enhanced soil properties, including organic carbon, total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, pH, and moisture content (p < 0.05). Notably, seeds sown in soil amended with 15 t/ha of biochar exhibited the longest Mean Germination Time (MGT) (4.3 ± 0.19 days) and lowest Germination Index (GI) (646.3) compared to those in soil with 30 t/ha fine biochar (MGT = 4.0 ± 0.03 days; GI = 668.7). Lettuce grown in soil treated with 30 t/ha of fine biochar displayed the longest leaves (17.42 ± 0.12 cm), whereas plants from soil with 15 t/ha coarse biochar had the shortest leaves (13.8 ± 0.17 cm). Leaf width followed a similar trend. Surprisingly, the cropping season did not significantly affect lettuce seed germination and leaf morphology. However, moisture content emerged as the most influential property of biochar-amended soil on lettuce seed germination. Conclusions: These findings underscore the potential of biochar-based lettuce farming to enhance soil health, germination rates, crop growth, and overall productivity. They provide actionable insights that contribute to sustainable agricultural practices and food security.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar addition significantly enhanced soil properties, including organic carbon, total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, pH and moisture content (p < 0.05).
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativa
Lactuca sativat0 - Treatment
- biochar additione1
- Outcome
- soil propertiese1
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Qualifier
- p < 0.05e1
- Setting
- field experimente2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa”
e1“biochar addition significantly enhanced soil properties, including organic carbon, total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, pH, and moisture content (p < 0.05)”
e2“The field experiment utilized a factorial design”
Claim · model-written summary
Seeds sown in soil amended with 15 t/ha of biochar had a longer Mean Germination Time (4.3 ± 0.19 days) than seeds in soil with 30 t/ha fine biochar (4.0 ± 0.03 days).
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativaLactuca sativat0
- Organ / stage
- seedse3
- Treatment
- 15 t/ha of biochare3
- Outcome
- Mean Germination Time (MGT)e3
- Direction
- longeste3
- Value
- 4.3 ± 0.19 dayse3
- Qualifier
- MGT = 4.0 ± 0.03 dayse4
- Comparator
- 30 t/ha fine biochare4
- Setting
- field experimente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa”
e2“The field experiment utilized a factorial design”
e3“seeds sown in soil amended with 15 t/ha of biochar exhibited the longest Mean Germination Time (MGT) (4.3 ± 0.19 days)”
e4“compared to those in soil with 30 t/ha fine biochar (MGT = 4.0 ± 0.03 days; GI = 668.7)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seeds sown in soil amended with 15 t/ha of biochar had a lower Germination Index (646.3) than seeds in soil with 30 t/ha fine biochar (668.7).
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativaLactuca sativat0
- Organ / stage
- seedse3
- Treatment
- 15 t/ha of biochare3
- Outcome
- Germination Index (GI)e5
- Direction
- loweste5
- Value
- 646.3e5
- Qualifier
- GI = 668.7e4
- Comparator
- 30 t/ha fine biochare4
- Setting
- field experimente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa”
e2“The field experiment utilized a factorial design”
e3“seeds sown in soil amended with 15 t/ha of biochar exhibited the longest Mean Germination Time (MGT) (4.3 ± 0.19 days)”
e4“compared to those in soil with 30 t/ha fine biochar (MGT = 4.0 ± 0.03 days; GI = 668.7)”
e5“lowest Germination Index (GI) (646.3)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lettuce grown in soil with 30 t/ha of fine biochar had the longest leaves (17.42 ± 0.12 cm).
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativaLactuca sativat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese6
- Treatment
- 30 t/ha of fine biochare6
- Outcome
- leavese6
- Direction
- longeste6
- Value
- 17.42 ± 0.12 cme6
- Qualifier
- 13.8 ± 0.17 cme7
- Comparator
- 15 t/ha coarse biochare7
- Setting
- field experimente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa”
e2“The field experiment utilized a factorial design”
e6“Lettuce grown in soil treated with 30 t/ha of fine biochar displayed the longest leaves (17.42 ± 0.12 cm)”
e7“whereas plants from soil with 15 t/ha coarse biochar had the shortest leaves (13.8 ± 0.17 cm)”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants from soil with 15 t/ha of coarse biochar had the shortest leaves (13.8 ± 0.17 cm).
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativaLactuca sativat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese7
- Treatment
- 15 t/ha coarse biochare7
- Outcome
- leavese7
- Direction
- shorteste7
- Value
- 13.8 ± 0.17 cme7
- Qualifier
- 17.42 ± 0.12 cme6
- Comparator
- 30 t/ha of fine biochare6
- Setting
- field experimente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa”
e2“The field experiment utilized a factorial design”
e6“Lettuce grown in soil treated with 30 t/ha of fine biochar displayed the longest leaves (17.42 ± 0.12 cm)”
e7“whereas plants from soil with 15 t/ha coarse biochar had the shortest leaves (13.8 ± 0.17 cm)”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf width followed a similar trend to leaf length across the biochar treatments.
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativaLactuca sativat0
- Organ / stage
- Leafe7
- Outcome
- Leaf widthe7
- Direction
- followed a similar trende7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa”
e7“Leaf width followed a similar trend”
Claim · model-written summary
The cropping season did not significantly affect lettuce seed germination and leaf morphology.
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativaLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- cropping seasone6
- Outcome
- seed germination and leaf morphologye6
- Direction
- did not significantly affecte6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa”
e6“the cropping season did not significantly affect lettuce seed germination and leaf morphology”
Claim · model-written summary
Moisture content was the most influential property of biochar-amended soil on lettuce seed germination.
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativaLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- moisture contente5
- Outcome
- seed germinatione5
- Direction
- most influentiale5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa”
e5“moisture content emerged as the most influential property of biochar-amended soil on lettuce seed germination”
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