Abstract
Abstract Whether farmers should consider the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in agriculture is a hotly debated topic. We aimed to investigate the role of indigenous AMF in reducing nitrogen (N) loss from paddy fields via runoff, leaching, NH 3 volatilization, and N 2 O emission. We conducted a pot experiment employing a mycorrhiza‐defective rice mutant (non‐mycorrhizal) as the control, grown in soil containing indigenous AMF. The corresponding AMF treatment used the progenitor of this mutant with the same soil. The plants were fertilized with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium 6 weeks after sowing. The root colonization was 23% in mycorrhizal rice, and no typical AMF structures were observed in the roots of non‐mycorrhizal rice. Our findings indicated that the mycorrhizal system exhibited lower N concentrations of runoff and leachate further compounded by reduced fluxes of N 2 O and NH 3 . This led to 14% decrease (mycorrhizal rice 111 kg N ha −1 ; the non‐mycorrhizal rice: 129 kg N ha −1 ) in cumulative N loss within 3 days post‐fertilization. While this AMF effect was consistent across the four tested N loss pathways, differences were observed between NH 4 + ‐N and NO 3 − ‐N in the runoff pathway. Notably, our results revealed no evidence of trade‐offs in AMF effect on N loss among the tested pathways. Additionally, mycorrhizal rice had larger shoots and roots than their non‐mycorrhizal counterparts. Our study underscores the potential benefits of indigenous AMF in paddy fields for mitigating water pollution and reducing greenhouse gas emission.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
AMF root colonization was 23% in mycorrhizal rice.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- root colonizatione0
- Value
- 23%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The root colonization was 23% in mycorrhizal rice”
e1“soil containing indigenous AMF”
Claim · model-written summary
No typical AMF structures were observed in non-mycorrhizal rice roots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- no typical AMF structures were observede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no typical AMF structures were observed in the roots of non‐mycorrhizal rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The mycorrhizal system had lower nitrogen concentrations in runoff and leachate.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal systeme0
- Interactor
- AMFe2symbiont
- Outcome
- N concentrations of runoff and leachatee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- non‐mycorrhizale1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the mycorrhizal system exhibited lower N concentrations of runoff and leachate”
e1“mycorrhiza‐defective rice mutant (non‐mycorrhizal) as the control”
e2“soil containing indigenous AMF”
Claim · model-written summary
The mycorrhizal system reduced N2O and NH3 fluxes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal systeme1
- Interactor
- AMFe3symbiont
- Outcome
- fluxes of N 2 O and NH 3e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- non‐mycorrhizale2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced fluxes of N 2 O and NH 3”
e1“mycorrhizal system”
e2“mycorrhiza‐defective rice mutant (non‐mycorrhizal) as the control”
e3“soil containing indigenous AMF”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal rice had 14% less cumulative nitrogen loss within three days after fertilization.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal ricee0
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- cumulative N losse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 14%e0
- Qualifier
- within 3 days post‐fertilizatione0
- Comparator
- non‐mycorrhizal ricee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This led to 14% decrease (mycorrhizal rice 111 kg N ha −1 ; the non‐mycorrhizal rice: 129 kg N ha −1 ) in cumulative N loss within 3 days post‐fertilization.”
e1“soil containing indigenous AMF”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF effects differed between ammonium and nitrate in the runoff pathway.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- differences were observed between NH 4 + ‐N and NO 3 − ‐N in the runoff pathwaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“differences were observed between NH 4 + ‐N and NO 3 − ‐N in the runoff pathway.”
e1“AMF effect on N loss”
e2“rice mutant”
Claim · model-written summary
No evidence of trade-offs in AMF effects on nitrogen loss was found among the tested pathways.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- no evidence of trade‐offs in AMF effect on N loss among the tested pathwayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no evidence of trade‐offs in AMF effect on N loss among the tested pathways.”
e1“rice mutant”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal rice had larger shoots and roots than non-mycorrhizal rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizale0
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- shoots and rootse0
- Direction
- largere0
- Comparator
- non‐mycorrhizal counterpartse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mycorrhizal rice had larger shoots and roots than their non‐mycorrhizal counterparts.”
e1“soil containing indigenous AMF”
The same questions in other papers
mycorrhiza · nutrient: content · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
41 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
40 papers more in this group
See all 44 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.