Abstract
Climate change; the most concerning issue throughout the globe, is now considered a major cause of heat stress which is deteriorating agricultural crops. A pot experiment was performed to examine the ameliorative role of melatonin foliar spray on growth attributes, physiological attributes and yield and quality attributes of heat-tolerant and heat-sensitive genotypes of tomatoes under heat stress mediated by field environment. The results demonstrated that all the growth parameters of all tomato genotypes such as plant fresh biomass, plant dry biomass, stem girth, leaf area, the number of viable seeds, protein contents as well as physiological attributes including photosynthetic rate, stomatal contents, transpiration rate, chlorophyll contents, water use efficiency (WUE) and synthesis of osmoprotectants including proline and glycine betain (GB) were increased significantly upon foliar application of melatonin @ 25 µM under heat stress except electrolyte leakage (EL), leaf temperature and hydrogen peroxide contents (H 2 O 2 ) which were decreased in all cultivars of tomato either in heat tolerant or in heat sensitive; as compared to their respective control which remained untreated. Similarly, acivity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants including nitric oxide synthase (NOS), glutathione reductase (GR), nitrate reductase (NR) and glutathione S transferase (GST) were also improved upon melatonin foliar application under heat stress. However, the maximum improvement in all measured attributes was observed in all types of tomato genotypes grown under both control and 25 µM melatonine foliar spray treatment. All these findings proved that melatonin spray is capable to address the deteriorative impact of high temperature on tomato growth.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin significantly increased tomato fresh and dry biomass and stem girth under heat versus untreated controls.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Treatment
- foliar application of melatonin @ 25 µMe0
- Outcome
- plant fresh biomass, plant dry biomass, stem girthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- their respective control which remained untreatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant fresh biomass, plant dry biomass, stem girth, leaf area, the number of viable seeds, protein contents as well as physiological attributes including photosynthetic rate, stomatal contents, transpiration rate, chlorophyll contents, water use efficiency (WUE) and synthesis of osmoprotectants including proline and glycine betain (GB) were increased significantly upon foliar application of melatonin @ 25 µM under heat stress”
e1“all cultivars of tomato either in heat tolerant or in heat sensitive; as compared to their respective control which remained untreated”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin significantly increased tomato leaf area and viable seed number under heat.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- foliar application of melatonin @ 25 µMe0
- Outcome
- leaf area, the number of viable seedse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- their respective control which remained untreatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf area, the number of viable seeds, protein contents as well as physiological attributes including photosynthetic rate, stomatal contents, transpiration rate, chlorophyll contents, water use efficiency (WUE) and synthesis of osmoprotectants including proline and glycine betain (GB) were increased significantly upon foliar application of melatonin @ 25 µM under heat stress”
e1“all cultivars of tomato either in heat tolerant or in heat sensitive; as compared to their respective control which remained untreated”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin significantly increased tomato protein content and chlorophyll under heat.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- foliar application of melatonin @ 25 µMe0
- Outcome
- protein contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- their respective control which remained untreatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“protein contents as well as physiological attributes including photosynthetic rate, stomatal contents, transpiration rate, chlorophyll contents, water use efficiency (WUE) and synthesis of osmoprotectants including proline and glycine betain (GB) were increased significantly upon foliar application of melatonin @ 25 µM under heat stress”
e1“all cultivars of tomato either in heat tolerant or in heat sensitive; as compared to their respective control which remained untreated”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin significantly increased photosynthetic and transpiration rates in tomato under heat.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- foliar application of melatonin @ 25 µMe0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic rate, stomatal contents, transpiration ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- their respective control which remained untreatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“photosynthetic rate, stomatal contents, transpiration rate, chlorophyll contents, water use efficiency (WUE) and synthesis of osmoprotectants including proline and glycine betain (GB) were increased significantly upon foliar application of melatonin @ 25 µM under heat stress”
e1“all cultivars of tomato either in heat tolerant or in heat sensitive; as compared to their respective control which remained untreated”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin significantly increased tomato water-use efficiency and osmoprotectant synthesis under heat.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- foliar application of melatonin @ 25 µMe0
- Outcome
- water use efficiency (WUE) and synthesis of osmoprotectantse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- their respective control which remained untreatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water use efficiency (WUE) and synthesis of osmoprotectants including proline and glycine betain (GB) were increased significantly upon foliar application of melatonin @ 25 µM under heat stress”
e1“all cultivars of tomato either in heat tolerant or in heat sensitive; as compared to their respective control which remained untreated”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin decreased electrolyte leakage, leaf temperature, and hydrogen peroxide in tomato under heat.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- foliar application of melatonin @ 25 µMe1
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakage (EL), leaf temperature and hydrogen peroxide contents (H 2 O 2 )e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- their respective control which remained untreatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“electrolyte leakage (EL), leaf temperature and hydrogen peroxide contents (H 2 O 2 ) which were decreased in all cultivars of tomato either in heat tolerant or in heat sensitive; as compared to their respective control which remained untreated”
e1“foliar application of melatonin @ 25 µM under heat stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin improved NOS, GR, and NR antioxidant enzyme activities under heat.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- melatonin foliar applicatione0
- Outcome
- acivity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidantse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“acivity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants including nitric oxide synthase (NOS), glutathione reductase (GR), nitrate reductase (NR) and glutathione S transferase (GST) were also improved upon melatonin foliar application under heat stress”
e1“all cultivars of tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin improved GST activity under heat.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- melatonin foliar applicatione0
- Outcome
- glutathione S transferase (GST)e0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glutathione S transferase (GST) were also improved upon melatonin foliar application under heat stress”
e1“all cultivars of tomato”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.