Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Zhongza NO. 9) was used as the experimental material to investigate the effects of nocturnal LED supplemental light with the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 100, 200, 300 μmol·m−2·s−1, and the light time of 1, 2 h on the seedling quality in a controlled environment, with seedlings without nocturnal supplemental lighting serving as the control. The results demonstrate that an increase in PPFD at night progressively enhances the plant height and leaf number of tomato seedlings, while stem diameter and leaf area initially increase and subsequently decrease. Although light time and light period-of-time at night did not significantly affect seedling morphology, PPFD and light time notably influenced chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate. An optimal lighting energy amount at night augmented photosynthetic capacity. However, excessive PPFD induced photoinhibition in the leaves. Additionally, appropriate nocturnal LED supplemental lighting significantly improved the antioxidant capacity of the seedlings, increased proline content, reduced malondialdehyde content, and bolstered the self-protection mechanisms of the seedlings against nocturnal light stress. Both the PPFD and light time at night promoted biomass accumulation in tomato seedlings. Specifically, when supplemental lighting was applied for 2 h at an intensity of 200 μmol·m−2·s−1, both the fresh and dry weights of the shoot and root significantly increased, and the seedling health index was highest. Therefore, appropriate nocturnal LED supplemental lighting positively impacts the health index and photosynthate accumulation of tomato seedlings, but controlling PPFD is essential to avoid photoinhibition.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nighttime PPFD increased tomato seedling height and leaf number.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- increase in PPFD at nighte0
- Outcome
- plant height and leaf numbere0
- Direction
- enhancese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increase in PPFD at night progressively enhances the plant height and leaf number of tomato seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
With increasing nighttime PPFD, stem diameter and leaf area first rose and then fell.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- PPFDe0
- Outcome
- stem diameter and leaf areae0
- Direction
- initially increase and subsequently decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increase in PPFD at night progressively enhances the plant height and leaf number of tomato seedlings, while stem diameter and leaf area initially increase and subsequently decrease”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Nighttime light time and period did not significantly affect seedling morphology.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- light time and light period-of-time at nighte0
- Outcome
- seedling morphologye0
- Direction
- did not significantly affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“light time and light period-of-time at night did not significantly affect seedling morphology”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
PPFD and light time influenced chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- PPFD and light timee0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic ratee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PPFD and light time notably influenced chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
An optimal amount of nighttime lighting increased photosynthetic capacity.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- optimal lighting energy amount at nighte0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic capacitye0
- Direction
- augmentede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An optimal lighting energy amount at night augmented photosynthetic capacity”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Excessive PPFD caused leaf photoinhibition.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- excessive PPFDe0
- Outcome
- photoinhibitione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“excessive PPFD induced photoinhibition in the leaves”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Appropriate nighttime LED light improved seedling antioxidant capacity.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- appropriate nocturnal LED supplemental lightinge0
- Outcome
- antioxidant capacitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“appropriate nocturnal LED supplemental lighting significantly improved the antioxidant capacity of the seedlings”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Appropriate nighttime LED light increased seedling proline content.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- appropriate nocturnal LED supplemental lightinge0
- Outcome
- proline contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“appropriate nocturnal LED supplemental lighting significantly improved the antioxidant capacity of the seedlings, increased proline content”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Appropriate nighttime LED light reduced seedling malondialdehyde content.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- appropriate nocturnal LED supplemental lightinge0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“appropriate nocturnal LED supplemental lighting significantly improved the antioxidant capacity of the seedlings, increased proline content, reduced malondialdehyde content”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Appropriate nighttime LED light strengthened seedling self-protection against light stress.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- nocturnal LED supplemental lightinge0
- Outcome
- self-protection mechanismse0
- Direction
- bolsterede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“appropriate nocturnal LED supplemental lighting significantly improved the antioxidant capacity of the seedlings, increased proline content, reduced malondialdehyde content, and bolstered the self-protection mechanisms of the seedlings against nocturnal light stress”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
PPFD and nighttime light duration promoted tomato seedling biomass accumulation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- PPFD and light time at nighte0
- Outcome
- biomass accumulatione0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both the PPFD and light time at night promoted biomass accumulation in tomato seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Two hours at 200 μmol·m−2·s−1 significantly increased shoot and root fresh and dry weight.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- supplemental lighting was applied for 2 h at an intensity of 200 μmol·m−2·s−1e0
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weights of the shoot and roote0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when supplemental lighting was applied for 2 h at an intensity of 200 μmol·m−2·s−1, both the fresh and dry weights of the shoot and root significantly increased”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling health index was highest with two hours of light at 200 μmol·m−2·s−1.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- supplemental lighting was applied for 2 h at an intensity of 200 μmol·m−2·s−1e0
- Outcome
- seedling health indexe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when supplemental lighting was applied for 2 h at an intensity of 200 μmol·m−2·s−1, both the fresh and dry weights of the shoot and root significantly increased, and the seedling health index was highest”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend controlling PPFD to avoid photoinhibition.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- controlling PPFD is essential to avoid photoinhibitione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“controlling PPFD is essential to avoid photoinhibition”
t0“Tomato”
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