Abstract
Field experiment was conducted at the Instructional Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India during Rabi season of 2013-14 and 2014-15 to study the effect of integrated weed management practices on weeds and yield of onion (Allium cepa L.). At early stage of crop growth i.e. at 10 DAT, maximum weed control efficiency (82.57%) was recorded in the treatment of propaquizafop 0.05 kg/ha + oxyfluorfen 0.25 kg/ha (tank mix) as pre-emergence followed by aqueous extract of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) 10% 2.5 liter/ha at 1 DAT (72.83%). Weed control efficiency (WCE) was sustained at later stage with 60.98% and 51.96% in these treatments, respectively. While in the later crop growth phase i.e. 25 DAT onwards, two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAT recorded significantly the lowest weed density, biomass and higher weed control efficiency (83.27, 77.02, 64.23% at 25, 50 and 75 DAT, respectively). Notable increase in growth and yield attributes viz., plant height, chlorophyll content, LAI, DMA, CGR, bulb diameter, bulb length, scales/bulb, bulb yield, biological yield and harvest index were recorded in two hand weeding followed by PE application of propaquizafop + oxyfluorfen fb mechanical weeding (MW) and cucumber aqueous extract 10% fb MW. The net return and B:C ratio was significantly higher with propaquizafop+ oxyfluorfen fb MW and cucumber aqueous extract 10% fb MW due to lesser cost of herbicides usage compared to hand weeding.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
At 10 DAT, propaquizafop plus oxyfluorfen as a pre-emergence tank mix gave the maximum weed control efficiency (82.57%) in onion.
- Taxon
- onion (Allium cepa L.)
Allium cepae0 - Organ / stage
- early stage of crop growthe1
- Treatment
- propaquizafop 0.05 kg/ha + oxyfluorfen 0.25 kg/ha (tank mix) as pre-emergencee1
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- weed control efficiencye1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 82.57%e1
- Setting
- Instructional Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, Indiae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiment was conducted at the Instructional Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India during Rabi season of 2013-14 and 2014-15 to study the effect of integrated weed management practices on weeds and yield of onion (Allium cepa L.)”
e1“At early stage of crop growth i.e. at 10 DAT, maximum weed control efficiency (82.57%) was recorded in the treatment of propaquizafop 0.05 kg/ha + oxyfluorfen 0.25 kg/ha (tank mix) as pre-emergence”
Claim · model-written summary
Aqueous cucumber extract (10%, 2.5 liter/ha) applied at 1 DAT gave a weed control efficiency of 72.83% in onion.
- Taxon
- onion (Allium cepa L.)Allium cepae0
- Treatment
- aqueous extract of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) 10% 2.5 liter/ha at 1 DATe2
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- weed control efficiencye1
- Value
- 72.83%e2
- Setting
- Instructional Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, Indiae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiment was conducted at the Instructional Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India during Rabi season of 2013-14 and 2014-15 to study the effect of integrated weed management practices on weeds and yield of onion (Allium cepa L.)”
e1“At early stage of crop growth i.e. at 10 DAT, maximum weed control efficiency (82.57%) was recorded in the treatment of propaquizafop 0.05 kg/ha + oxyfluorfen 0.25 kg/ha (tank mix) as pre-emergence”
e2“followed by aqueous extract of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) 10% 2.5 liter/ha at 1 DAT (72.83%)”
Claim · model-written summary
In the later stage, propaquizafop plus oxyfluorfen sustained a weed control efficiency of 60.98% in onion.
- Taxon
- onion (Allium cepa L.)Allium cepae0
- Organ / stage
- later stagee3
- Treatment
- propaquizafop 0.05 kg/ha + oxyfluorfen 0.25 kg/ha (tank mix) as pre-emergencee1
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- Weed control efficiency (WCE)e3
- Value
- 60.98%e3
- Setting
- Instructional Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, Indiae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiment was conducted at the Instructional Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India during Rabi season of 2013-14 and 2014-15 to study the effect of integrated weed management practices on weeds and yield of onion (Allium cepa L.)”
e1“At early stage of crop growth i.e. at 10 DAT, maximum weed control efficiency (82.57%) was recorded in the treatment of propaquizafop 0.05 kg/ha + oxyfluorfen 0.25 kg/ha (tank mix) as pre-emergence”
e3“Weed control efficiency (WCE) was sustained at later stage with 60.98% and 51.96% in these treatments, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In the later stage, aqueous cucumber extract sustained a weed control efficiency of 51.96% in onion.
- Taxon
- onion (Allium cepa L.)Allium cepae0
- Organ / stage
- later stagee3
- Treatment
- aqueous extract of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) 10% 2.5 liter/ha at 1 DATe2
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- Weed control efficiency (WCE)e3
- Value
- 51.96%e3
- Setting
- Instructional Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, Indiae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiment was conducted at the Instructional Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India during Rabi season of 2013-14 and 2014-15 to study the effect of integrated weed management practices on weeds and yield of onion (Allium cepa L.)”
e2“followed by aqueous extract of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) 10% 2.5 liter/ha at 1 DAT (72.83%)”
e3“Weed control efficiency (WCE) was sustained at later stage with 60.98% and 51.96% in these treatments, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Two hand weedings at 20 and 40 DAT significantly lowered weed density and biomass in onion from 25 DAT onwards.
- Taxon
- onion (Allium cepa L.)Allium cepae0
- Organ / stage
- later crop growth phasee4
- Treatment
- two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DATe4
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- weed density, biomasse4
- Direction
- loweste4
- Setting
- Instructional Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, Indiae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiment was conducted at the Instructional Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India during Rabi season of 2013-14 and 2014-15 to study the effect of integrated weed management practices on weeds and yield of onion (Allium cepa L.)”
e4“While in the later crop growth phase i.e. 25 DAT onwards, two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAT recorded significantly the lowest weed density, biomass and higher weed control efficiency (83.27, 77.02, 64.23% at 25, 50 and 75 DAT, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Two hand weedings at 20 and 40 DAT gave a weed control efficiency of 83.27% in onion at 25 DAT.
- Taxon
- onion (Allium cepa L.)Allium cepae0
- Treatment
- two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DATe4
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- weed control efficiencye4
- Direction
- highere4
- Value
- 83.27e4
- Qualifier
- 25, 50 and 75 DAT, respectivelye4
- Setting
- Instructional Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, Indiae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiment was conducted at the Instructional Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India during Rabi season of 2013-14 and 2014-15 to study the effect of integrated weed management practices on weeds and yield of onion (Allium cepa L.)”
e4“While in the later crop growth phase i.e. 25 DAT onwards, two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAT recorded significantly the lowest weed density, biomass and higher weed control efficiency (83.27, 77.02, 64.23% at 25, 50 and 75 DAT, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Two hand weedings at 20 and 40 DAT gave a weed control efficiency of 77.02% in onion at 50 DAT.
- Taxon
- onion (Allium cepa L.)Allium cepae0
- Treatment
- two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DATe4
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- weed control efficiencye4
- Direction
- highere4
- Value
- 77.02e4
- Qualifier
- 25, 50 and 75 DAT, respectivelye4
- Setting
- Instructional Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, Indiae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiment was conducted at the Instructional Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India during Rabi season of 2013-14 and 2014-15 to study the effect of integrated weed management practices on weeds and yield of onion (Allium cepa L.)”
e4“While in the later crop growth phase i.e. 25 DAT onwards, two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAT recorded significantly the lowest weed density, biomass and higher weed control efficiency (83.27, 77.02, 64.23% at 25, 50 and 75 DAT, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Two hand weedings at 20 and 40 DAT gave a weed control efficiency of 64.23% in onion at 75 DAT.
- Taxon
- onion (Allium cepa L.)Allium cepae0
- Treatment
- two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DATe4
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- weed control efficiencye4
- Direction
- highere4
- Value
- 64.23e4
- Qualifier
- 25, 50 and 75 DAT, respectivelye4
- Setting
- Instructional Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, Indiae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiment was conducted at the Instructional Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India during Rabi season of 2013-14 and 2014-15 to study the effect of integrated weed management practices on weeds and yield of onion (Allium cepa L.)”
e4“While in the later crop growth phase i.e. 25 DAT onwards, two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAT recorded significantly the lowest weed density, biomass and higher weed control efficiency (83.27, 77.02, 64.23% at 25, 50 and 75 DAT, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatments with two hand weeding, propaquizafop plus oxyfluorfen and cucumber extract increased plant height, chlorophyll content and LAI in onion.
- Taxon
- onion (Allium cepa L.)Allium cepae0
- Treatment
- two hand weeding followed by PE application of propaquizafop + oxyfluorfen fb mechanical weeding (MW) and cucumber aqueous extract 10% fb MWe5
- Outcome
- plant height, chlorophyll content, LAIe5
- Direction
- increasee5
- Setting
- Instructional Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, Indiae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiment was conducted at the Instructional Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India during Rabi season of 2013-14 and 2014-15 to study the effect of integrated weed management practices on weeds and yield of onion (Allium cepa L.)”
e5“Notable increase in growth and yield attributes viz., plant height, chlorophyll content, LAI, DMA, CGR, bulb diameter, bulb length, scales/bulb, bulb yield, biological yield and harvest index were recorded in two hand weeding followed by PE application of propaquizafop + oxyfluorfen fb mechanical weeding (MW) and cucumber aqueous extract 10% fb MW”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatments with two hand weeding, propaquizafop plus oxyfluorfen and cucumber extract increased dry matter accumulation and crop growth rate in onion.
- Taxon
- onion (Allium cepa L.)Allium cepae0
- Treatment
- two hand weeding followed by PE application of propaquizafop + oxyfluorfen fb mechanical weeding (MW) and cucumber aqueous extract 10% fb MWe5
- Outcome
- DMA, CGRe5
- Direction
- increasee5
- Setting
- Instructional Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, Indiae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiment was conducted at the Instructional Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India during Rabi season of 2013-14 and 2014-15 to study the effect of integrated weed management practices on weeds and yield of onion (Allium cepa L.)”
e5“Notable increase in growth and yield attributes viz., plant height, chlorophyll content, LAI, DMA, CGR, bulb diameter, bulb length, scales/bulb, bulb yield, biological yield and harvest index were recorded in two hand weeding followed by PE application of propaquizafop + oxyfluorfen fb mechanical weeding (MW) and cucumber aqueous extract 10% fb MW”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatments with two hand weeding, propaquizafop plus oxyfluorfen and cucumber extract increased bulb diameter, bulb length and scales per bulb in onion.
- Taxon
- onion (Allium cepa L.)Allium cepae0
- Treatment
- two hand weeding followed by PE application of propaquizafop + oxyfluorfen fb mechanical weeding (MW) and cucumber aqueous extract 10% fb MWe5
- Outcome
- bulb diameter, bulb length, scales/bulbe5
- Direction
- increasee5
- Setting
- Instructional Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, Indiae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiment was conducted at the Instructional Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India during Rabi season of 2013-14 and 2014-15 to study the effect of integrated weed management practices on weeds and yield of onion (Allium cepa L.)”
e5“Notable increase in growth and yield attributes viz., plant height, chlorophyll content, LAI, DMA, CGR, bulb diameter, bulb length, scales/bulb, bulb yield, biological yield and harvest index were recorded in two hand weeding followed by PE application of propaquizafop + oxyfluorfen fb mechanical weeding (MW) and cucumber aqueous extract 10% fb MW”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatments with two hand weeding, propaquizafop plus oxyfluorfen and cucumber extract increased bulb yield, biological yield and harvest index in onion.
- Taxon
- onion (Allium cepa L.)Allium cepae0
- Treatment
- two hand weeding followed by PE application of propaquizafop + oxyfluorfen fb mechanical weeding (MW) and cucumber aqueous extract 10% fb MWe5
- Outcome
- bulb yield, biological yield and harvest indexe5
- Direction
- increasee5
- Setting
- Instructional Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, Indiae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiment was conducted at the Instructional Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India during Rabi season of 2013-14 and 2014-15 to study the effect of integrated weed management practices on weeds and yield of onion (Allium cepa L.)”
e5“Notable increase in growth and yield attributes viz., plant height, chlorophyll content, LAI, DMA, CGR, bulb diameter, bulb length, scales/bulb, bulb yield, biological yield and harvest index were recorded in two hand weeding followed by PE application of propaquizafop + oxyfluorfen fb mechanical weeding (MW) and cucumber aqueous extract 10% fb MW”
Claim · model-written summary
Propaquizafop plus oxyfluorfen and cucumber extract, each followed by mechanical weeding, gave a significantly higher net return and B:C ratio than hand weeding in onion.
- Taxon
- onion (Allium cepa L.)Allium cepae0
- Treatment
- propaquizafop+ oxyfluorfen fb MW and cucumber aqueous extract 10% fb MWe6
- Outcome
- net return and B:C ratioe6
- Direction
- highere6
- Qualifier
- due to lesser cost of herbicides usagee6
- Comparator
- hand weedinge6
- Setting
- Instructional Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, Indiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiment was conducted at the Instructional Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India during Rabi season of 2013-14 and 2014-15 to study the effect of integrated weed management practices on weeds and yield of onion (Allium cepa L.)”
e6“The net return and B:C ratio was significantly higher with propaquizafop+ oxyfluorfen fb MW and cucumber aqueous extract 10% fb MW due to lesser cost of herbicides usage compared to hand weeding”
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8 of 13 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.