Abstract
Onion nursery is severely affected by the weed which hampers the growth of seedlings and further delayed in transplanting and thereby yield. For obtaining potential yield of onion, producing and transplanting of healthy seedlings and timely control of complex weed flora is necessary in onion nursery. An experiment was carried out during two consecutive Rabi (winter) season of the year 2020-21 and 2021-22 at B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat (India). In this study, total 12 different treatments each in nursery and in transplanted onion were tested in a randomized block design (RBD) having three replications. Early post-emergence application (EPoE) of propaquizafop + oxyfluorfen (pre-mix) 43.75 + 105 g/ha, oxyfluorfen 80 g/ha EPoE, pendimethalin 300 g/ha as pre-emergence (PE) and twice hand weeding at 15 and 30 days after sowing (DAS) significantly reduced the dry biomass of weeds, recorded higher weed control efficiency, fresh weight of 100 seedlings, higher number of transplantable seedlings and better economic returns than rest of the treatments. All the herbicides applied in onion nursery were found safe for succeeding wheat, chickpea and mustard crop under bioassay study. In transplanted onion, pre-plant incorporation of pendimethalin 580.5 g/ha followed by (fb) oxyfluorfen 120 g/ha applied as post-emergence (PoE) and pre-emergence (PE) application of oxyfluorfen 120 g/ha fb propaquizafop + oxyfluorfen 43.75 +105 g/ha applied as post-emergence and propaquizafop + oxyfluorfen 43.75 +105 g/ha as post-emergence recorded significantly lower weed dry biomass, higher weed control efficiency, onion bulb yield, net return and benefit cost ratio.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
propaquizafop + oxyfluorfen (pre-mix) 43.75 + 105 g/ha gave reduced dry biomass of weeds in onion nursery than other treatments.
- Taxon
- onion
Allium cepat0 - Treatment
- propaquizafop + oxyfluorfen (pre-mix) 43.75 + 105 g/hae0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- dry biomass of weedse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early post-emergence application (EPoE) of propaquizafop + oxyfluorfen (pre-mix) 43.75 + 105 g/ha, oxyfluorfen 80 g/ha EPoE, pendimethalin 300 g/ha as pre-emergence (PE) and twice hand weeding at 15 and 30 days after sowing (DAS) significantly reduced the dry biomass of weeds, recorded higher weed control efficiency, fresh weight of 100 seedlings, higher number of transplantable seedlings and better economic returns than rest of the treatments.”
t0“onion”
Claim · model-written summary
propaquizafop + oxyfluorfen (pre-mix) 43.75 + 105 g/ha gave higher weed control efficiency in onion nursery than other treatments.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- propaquizafop + oxyfluorfen (pre-mix) 43.75 + 105 g/hae0
- Outcome
- weed control efficiencye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early post-emergence application (EPoE) of propaquizafop + oxyfluorfen (pre-mix) 43.75 + 105 g/ha, oxyfluorfen 80 g/ha EPoE, pendimethalin 300 g/ha as pre-emergence (PE) and twice hand weeding at 15 and 30 days after sowing (DAS) significantly reduced the dry biomass of weeds, recorded higher weed control efficiency, fresh weight of 100 seedlings, higher number of transplantable seedlings and better economic returns than rest of the treatments.”
t0“onion”
Claim · model-written summary
propaquizafop + oxyfluorfen (pre-mix) 43.75 + 105 g/ha gave higher fresh weight of 100 seedlings in onion nursery than other treatments.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- propaquizafop + oxyfluorfen (pre-mix) 43.75 + 105 g/hae0
- Outcome
- fresh weight of 100 seedlingse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early post-emergence application (EPoE) of propaquizafop + oxyfluorfen (pre-mix) 43.75 + 105 g/ha, oxyfluorfen 80 g/ha EPoE, pendimethalin 300 g/ha as pre-emergence (PE) and twice hand weeding at 15 and 30 days after sowing (DAS) significantly reduced the dry biomass of weeds, recorded higher weed control efficiency, fresh weight of 100 seedlings, higher number of transplantable seedlings and better economic returns than rest of the treatments.”
t0“onion”
Claim · model-written summary
propaquizafop + oxyfluorfen (pre-mix) 43.75 + 105 g/ha gave higher number of transplantable seedlings in onion nursery than other treatments.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- propaquizafop + oxyfluorfen (pre-mix) 43.75 + 105 g/hae0
- Outcome
- number of transplantable seedlingse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early post-emergence application (EPoE) of propaquizafop + oxyfluorfen (pre-mix) 43.75 + 105 g/ha, oxyfluorfen 80 g/ha EPoE, pendimethalin 300 g/ha as pre-emergence (PE) and twice hand weeding at 15 and 30 days after sowing (DAS) significantly reduced the dry biomass of weeds, recorded higher weed control efficiency, fresh weight of 100 seedlings, higher number of transplantable seedlings and better economic returns than rest of the treatments.”
t0“onion”
Claim · model-written summary
propaquizafop + oxyfluorfen (pre-mix) 43.75 + 105 g/ha gave better economic returns in onion nursery than other treatments.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- propaquizafop + oxyfluorfen (pre-mix) 43.75 + 105 g/hae0
- Outcome
- economic returnse0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early post-emergence application (EPoE) of propaquizafop + oxyfluorfen (pre-mix) 43.75 + 105 g/ha, oxyfluorfen 80 g/ha EPoE, pendimethalin 300 g/ha as pre-emergence (PE) and twice hand weeding at 15 and 30 days after sowing (DAS) significantly reduced the dry biomass of weeds, recorded higher weed control efficiency, fresh weight of 100 seedlings, higher number of transplantable seedlings and better economic returns than rest of the treatments.”
t0“onion”
Claim · model-written summary
oxyfluorfen 80 g/ha EPoE gave reduced dry biomass of weeds in onion nursery than other treatments.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- oxyfluorfen 80 g/ha EPoEe0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- dry biomass of weedse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early post-emergence application (EPoE) of propaquizafop + oxyfluorfen (pre-mix) 43.75 + 105 g/ha, oxyfluorfen 80 g/ha EPoE, pendimethalin 300 g/ha as pre-emergence (PE) and twice hand weeding at 15 and 30 days after sowing (DAS) significantly reduced the dry biomass of weeds, recorded higher weed control efficiency, fresh weight of 100 seedlings, higher number of transplantable seedlings and better economic returns than rest of the treatments.”
t0“onion”
Claim · model-written summary
oxyfluorfen 80 g/ha EPoE gave higher weed control efficiency in onion nursery than other treatments.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- oxyfluorfen 80 g/ha EPoEe0
- Outcome
- weed control efficiencye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early post-emergence application (EPoE) of propaquizafop + oxyfluorfen (pre-mix) 43.75 + 105 g/ha, oxyfluorfen 80 g/ha EPoE, pendimethalin 300 g/ha as pre-emergence (PE) and twice hand weeding at 15 and 30 days after sowing (DAS) significantly reduced the dry biomass of weeds, recorded higher weed control efficiency, fresh weight of 100 seedlings, higher number of transplantable seedlings and better economic returns than rest of the treatments.”
t0“onion”
Claim · model-written summary
oxyfluorfen 80 g/ha EPoE gave higher fresh weight of 100 seedlings in onion nursery than other treatments.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- oxyfluorfen 80 g/ha EPoEe0
- Outcome
- fresh weight of 100 seedlingse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early post-emergence application (EPoE) of propaquizafop + oxyfluorfen (pre-mix) 43.75 + 105 g/ha, oxyfluorfen 80 g/ha EPoE, pendimethalin 300 g/ha as pre-emergence (PE) and twice hand weeding at 15 and 30 days after sowing (DAS) significantly reduced the dry biomass of weeds, recorded higher weed control efficiency, fresh weight of 100 seedlings, higher number of transplantable seedlings and better economic returns than rest of the treatments.”
t0“onion”
Claim · model-written summary
oxyfluorfen 80 g/ha EPoE gave higher number of transplantable seedlings in onion nursery than other treatments.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- oxyfluorfen 80 g/ha EPoEe0
- Outcome
- number of transplantable seedlingse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early post-emergence application (EPoE) of propaquizafop + oxyfluorfen (pre-mix) 43.75 + 105 g/ha, oxyfluorfen 80 g/ha EPoE, pendimethalin 300 g/ha as pre-emergence (PE) and twice hand weeding at 15 and 30 days after sowing (DAS) significantly reduced the dry biomass of weeds, recorded higher weed control efficiency, fresh weight of 100 seedlings, higher number of transplantable seedlings and better economic returns than rest of the treatments.”
t0“onion”
Claim · model-written summary
oxyfluorfen 80 g/ha EPoE gave better economic returns in onion nursery than other treatments.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- oxyfluorfen 80 g/ha EPoEe0
- Outcome
- economic returnse0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early post-emergence application (EPoE) of propaquizafop + oxyfluorfen (pre-mix) 43.75 + 105 g/ha, oxyfluorfen 80 g/ha EPoE, pendimethalin 300 g/ha as pre-emergence (PE) and twice hand weeding at 15 and 30 days after sowing (DAS) significantly reduced the dry biomass of weeds, recorded higher weed control efficiency, fresh weight of 100 seedlings, higher number of transplantable seedlings and better economic returns than rest of the treatments.”
t0“onion”
Claim · model-written summary
pendimethalin 300 g/ha as pre-emergence (PE) gave reduced dry biomass of weeds in onion nursery than other treatments.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin 300 g/ha as pre-emergence (PE)e0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- dry biomass of weedse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early post-emergence application (EPoE) of propaquizafop + oxyfluorfen (pre-mix) 43.75 + 105 g/ha, oxyfluorfen 80 g/ha EPoE, pendimethalin 300 g/ha as pre-emergence (PE) and twice hand weeding at 15 and 30 days after sowing (DAS) significantly reduced the dry biomass of weeds, recorded higher weed control efficiency, fresh weight of 100 seedlings, higher number of transplantable seedlings and better economic returns than rest of the treatments.”
t0“onion”
Claim · model-written summary
pendimethalin 300 g/ha as pre-emergence (PE) gave higher weed control efficiency in onion nursery than other treatments.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin 300 g/ha as pre-emergence (PE)e0
- Outcome
- weed control efficiencye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early post-emergence application (EPoE) of propaquizafop + oxyfluorfen (pre-mix) 43.75 + 105 g/ha, oxyfluorfen 80 g/ha EPoE, pendimethalin 300 g/ha as pre-emergence (PE) and twice hand weeding at 15 and 30 days after sowing (DAS) significantly reduced the dry biomass of weeds, recorded higher weed control efficiency, fresh weight of 100 seedlings, higher number of transplantable seedlings and better economic returns than rest of the treatments.”
t0“onion”
Claim · model-written summary
pendimethalin 300 g/ha as pre-emergence (PE) gave higher fresh weight of 100 seedlings in onion nursery than other treatments.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin 300 g/ha as pre-emergence (PE)e0
- Outcome
- fresh weight of 100 seedlingse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early post-emergence application (EPoE) of propaquizafop + oxyfluorfen (pre-mix) 43.75 + 105 g/ha, oxyfluorfen 80 g/ha EPoE, pendimethalin 300 g/ha as pre-emergence (PE) and twice hand weeding at 15 and 30 days after sowing (DAS) significantly reduced the dry biomass of weeds, recorded higher weed control efficiency, fresh weight of 100 seedlings, higher number of transplantable seedlings and better economic returns than rest of the treatments.”
t0“onion”
Claim · model-written summary
pendimethalin 300 g/ha as pre-emergence (PE) gave higher number of transplantable seedlings in onion nursery than other treatments.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin 300 g/ha as pre-emergence (PE)e0
- Outcome
- number of transplantable seedlingse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early post-emergence application (EPoE) of propaquizafop + oxyfluorfen (pre-mix) 43.75 + 105 g/ha, oxyfluorfen 80 g/ha EPoE, pendimethalin 300 g/ha as pre-emergence (PE) and twice hand weeding at 15 and 30 days after sowing (DAS) significantly reduced the dry biomass of weeds, recorded higher weed control efficiency, fresh weight of 100 seedlings, higher number of transplantable seedlings and better economic returns than rest of the treatments.”
t0“onion”
Claim · model-written summary
pendimethalin 300 g/ha as pre-emergence (PE) gave better economic returns in onion nursery than other treatments.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin 300 g/ha as pre-emergence (PE)e0
- Outcome
- economic returnse0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early post-emergence application (EPoE) of propaquizafop + oxyfluorfen (pre-mix) 43.75 + 105 g/ha, oxyfluorfen 80 g/ha EPoE, pendimethalin 300 g/ha as pre-emergence (PE) and twice hand weeding at 15 and 30 days after sowing (DAS) significantly reduced the dry biomass of weeds, recorded higher weed control efficiency, fresh weight of 100 seedlings, higher number of transplantable seedlings and better economic returns than rest of the treatments.”
t0“onion”
Claim · model-written summary
twice hand weeding at 15 and 30 days after sowing (DAS) gave reduced dry biomass of weeds in onion nursery than other treatments.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- twice hand weeding at 15 and 30 days after sowing (DAS)e0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- dry biomass of weedse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early post-emergence application (EPoE) of propaquizafop + oxyfluorfen (pre-mix) 43.75 + 105 g/ha, oxyfluorfen 80 g/ha EPoE, pendimethalin 300 g/ha as pre-emergence (PE) and twice hand weeding at 15 and 30 days after sowing (DAS) significantly reduced the dry biomass of weeds, recorded higher weed control efficiency, fresh weight of 100 seedlings, higher number of transplantable seedlings and better economic returns than rest of the treatments.”
t0“onion”
Claim · model-written summary
twice hand weeding at 15 and 30 days after sowing (DAS) gave higher weed control efficiency in onion nursery than other treatments.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- twice hand weeding at 15 and 30 days after sowing (DAS)e0
- Outcome
- weed control efficiencye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early post-emergence application (EPoE) of propaquizafop + oxyfluorfen (pre-mix) 43.75 + 105 g/ha, oxyfluorfen 80 g/ha EPoE, pendimethalin 300 g/ha as pre-emergence (PE) and twice hand weeding at 15 and 30 days after sowing (DAS) significantly reduced the dry biomass of weeds, recorded higher weed control efficiency, fresh weight of 100 seedlings, higher number of transplantable seedlings and better economic returns than rest of the treatments.”
t0“onion”
Claim · model-written summary
twice hand weeding at 15 and 30 days after sowing (DAS) gave higher fresh weight of 100 seedlings in onion nursery than other treatments.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- twice hand weeding at 15 and 30 days after sowing (DAS)e0
- Outcome
- fresh weight of 100 seedlingse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early post-emergence application (EPoE) of propaquizafop + oxyfluorfen (pre-mix) 43.75 + 105 g/ha, oxyfluorfen 80 g/ha EPoE, pendimethalin 300 g/ha as pre-emergence (PE) and twice hand weeding at 15 and 30 days after sowing (DAS) significantly reduced the dry biomass of weeds, recorded higher weed control efficiency, fresh weight of 100 seedlings, higher number of transplantable seedlings and better economic returns than rest of the treatments.”
t0“onion”
Claim · model-written summary
twice hand weeding at 15 and 30 days after sowing (DAS) gave higher number of transplantable seedlings in onion nursery than other treatments.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- twice hand weeding at 15 and 30 days after sowing (DAS)e0
- Outcome
- number of transplantable seedlingse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early post-emergence application (EPoE) of propaquizafop + oxyfluorfen (pre-mix) 43.75 + 105 g/ha, oxyfluorfen 80 g/ha EPoE, pendimethalin 300 g/ha as pre-emergence (PE) and twice hand weeding at 15 and 30 days after sowing (DAS) significantly reduced the dry biomass of weeds, recorded higher weed control efficiency, fresh weight of 100 seedlings, higher number of transplantable seedlings and better economic returns than rest of the treatments.”
t0“onion”
Claim · model-written summary
twice hand weeding at 15 and 30 days after sowing (DAS) gave better economic returns in onion nursery than other treatments.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- twice hand weeding at 15 and 30 days after sowing (DAS)e0
- Outcome
- economic returnse0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early post-emergence application (EPoE) of propaquizafop + oxyfluorfen (pre-mix) 43.75 + 105 g/ha, oxyfluorfen 80 g/ha EPoE, pendimethalin 300 g/ha as pre-emergence (PE) and twice hand weeding at 15 and 30 days after sowing (DAS) significantly reduced the dry biomass of weeds, recorded higher weed control efficiency, fresh weight of 100 seedlings, higher number of transplantable seedlings and better economic returns than rest of the treatments.”
t0“onion”
The same questions in other papers
pendimethalin · yield · Allium cepa (onion)Results differ
33 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
34 papers more in this group
See all 38 papers →Oxyfluorfen · growth · Allium cepa (onion)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →pendimethalin · growth · Allium cepa (onion)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Oxyfluorfen · weed · Allium cepa (onion)Positive and negative results
33 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
31 papers more in this group
See all 35 papers →Oxyfluorfen · yield · Allium cepa (onion)Positive and negative results
36 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- positive
35 papers more in this group
See all 39 papers →propaquizafop · growth · Allium cepa (onion)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
propaquizafop · weed · Allium cepa (onion)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
propaquizafop · yield · Allium cepa (onion)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.