Abstract
Salinity is a serious abiotic stress that limits crop production and food security. Micronutrient application has shown promising results in mitigating the toxic impacts of salinity. This study assessed the impacts of zinc seed priming (ZSP) on the germination, growth, physiological and biochemical functioning of sorghum cultivars. The study comprised sorghum cultivars (JS-2002 and JS-263), salinity stress (control (0 mM) and 120 mM)), and control and ZSP (4 mM). Salinity stress reduced germination and seedling growth by increasing electrolyte leakage (EL: 60.65%), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2: 109.50%), malondialdehyde (MDA; 115.30%), sodium (Na), and chloride (Cl) accumulation and decreasing chlorophyll synthesis, relative water contents (RWC), total soluble proteins (TSPs), and potassium (K) uptake and accumulation. Nonetheless, ZSP mitigated the deleterious impacts of salinity and led to faster germination and better seedling growth. Zinc seed priming improved the chlorophyll synthesis, leaf water contents, antioxidant activities (ascorbate peroxide: APX, catalase: CAT, peroxidase: POD, superoxide dismutase: SOD), TSPs, proline, K uptake and accumulation, and reduced EL, MDA, and H2O2 production, as well as the accumulation of toxic ions (Na and Cl), thereby promoting better germination and growth. Thus, these findings suggested that ZSP can mitigate the toxicity of salinity by favoring nutrient homeostasis, antioxidant activities, chlorophyll synthesis, osmolyte accumulation, and maintaining leaf water status.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced sorghum germination and seedling growth.
SorghumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity stress reduced germination and seedling growth”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased electrolyte leakage by 60.65%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing electrolyte leakage (EL: 60.65%)”
t0“Sorghum”
e1“Salinity stress reduced germination and seedling growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased hydrogen peroxide by 109.50%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hydrogen peroxide (H2O2: 109.50%)”
t0“Sorghum”
e1“Salinity stress reduced germination and seedling growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased malondialdehyde by 115.30%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“malondialdehyde (MDA; 115.30%)”
t0“Sorghum”
e1“Salinity stress reduced germination and seedling growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased sodium and chloride accumulation.
- Treatment
- Salinity stresse1
- Outcome
- sodium (Na), and chloride (Cl) accumulatione0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sodium (Na), and chloride (Cl) accumulation”
t0“Sorghum”
e1“Salinity stress reduced germination and seedling growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased chlorophyll synthesis, relative water content and soluble proteins.
- Treatment
- Salinity stresse1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll synthesis, relative water contents (RWC), total soluble proteins (TSPs)e0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreasing chlorophyll synthesis, relative water contents (RWC), total soluble proteins (TSPs)”
t0“Sorghum”
e1“Salinity stress reduced germination and seedling growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased potassium uptake and accumulation.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“potassium (K) uptake and accumulation”
t0“Sorghum”
e1“Salinity stress reduced germination and seedling growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc seed priming accelerated germination and improved seedling growth under salinity.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZSP mitigated the deleterious impacts of salinity and led to faster germination and better seedling growth.”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc priming improved chlorophyll synthesis and leaf water content.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc seed priming improved the chlorophyll synthesis, leaf water contents”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc priming improved APX, CAT, POD and SOD antioxidant activity.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“antioxidant activities (ascorbate peroxide: APX, catalase: CAT, peroxidase: POD, superoxide dismutase: SOD)”
t0“Sorghum”
e1“Zinc seed priming improved the chlorophyll synthesis, leaf water contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc priming increased soluble proteins and proline.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TSPs, proline, K uptake and accumulation”
t0“Sorghum”
e1“Zinc seed priming improved the chlorophyll synthesis, leaf water contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc priming improved potassium uptake and accumulation.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“K uptake and accumulation”
t0“Sorghum”
e1“Zinc seed priming improved the chlorophyll synthesis, leaf water contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc priming reduced electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced EL, MDA, and H2O2 production”
t0“Sorghum”
e1“Zinc seed priming improved the chlorophyll synthesis, leaf water contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc priming reduced sodium and chloride accumulation.
- Treatment
- Zinc seed priminge1
- Outcome
- accumulation of toxic ions (Na and Cl)e0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“accumulation of toxic ions (Na and Cl)”
t0“Sorghum”
e1“Zinc seed priming improved the chlorophyll synthesis, leaf water contents”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute mitigation to nutrient homeostasis, antioxidant activity, chlorophyll synthesis, osmolytes and leaf water status.
- Treatment
- ZSPe0
- Outcome
- mitigate the toxicity of salinitye0
- Qualifier
- nutrient homeostasis, antioxidant activities, chlorophyll synthesis, osmolyte accumulation, and maintaining leaf water statuse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZSP can mitigate the toxicity of salinity by favoring nutrient homeostasis, antioxidant activities, chlorophyll synthesis, osmolyte accumulation, and maintaining leaf water status.”
t0“Sorghum”
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See all 7 papers →8 of 15 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.