Abstract
ABSTRACT Seeds of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench cv ‘Wrangler’] dressed with three increasing concentrations of an iron ethylenediamine-di-O-hydroxphenylacetic acid (FeEDDHA) product up to 480 mg Fe kg− 1 seed as a sole source of iron supply as well as a treatment without any dressing were grown for 19 days after germination in sand culture buffered to pH 8 by calcium carbonate. Nitrogen was supplied either as ammonium (NH4)-N or nitrate (NO3)-N, the former being supplemented with nitrapyrin (N Serve) to prevent nitrification. Chlorosis of the younger leaves was evident in all treatments except at the two higher levels of NH4-supplied plants. Dry matter yields of the shoots were raised only relatively slightly by the increasing levels of Fe supply and at each level the NH4 form was superior to that of NO3 -N. At the end of the growth period the pH of the sand around the roots had fallen by about 0.5 of a unit for NH4–fed plants and increased by about 0.2 of a unit for NO3-fed plants. At each level of Fe supply, NH4 nutrition approximately doubled the micronutrient [Fe, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn)] shoot concentrations and uptakes as compared with NO3-nutrition. For the NO3 –fed plants, increasing rates of Fe seed dressing had little effect on shoot Fe concentrations or uptakes, the concentration values determined (about 40 μ g g− 1 dry wt.) being below the range of critical deficiency concentration. Similarly concentrations of Mn were also in the deficiency range in the seed dressed NO3-fed plants (11–12 μ g g− 1 dry wt) so that in the NO3 treatments chlorosis may have resulted from a lack of Mn as well as Fe. Dressing sorghum seeds with Fe chelates in conjunction with NH4 fertilization supplemented with an inhibitor to prevent nitrification would appear to be a worthwhile approach to ensure an initial source of Fe to the young developing plant in the avoidance of iron-induced chlorosis in the growth of sorghum on high pH calcareous soils.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorosis occurred except in the two higher ammonium treatments.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Outcome
- Chlorosis of the younger leavese0
- Qualifier
- except at the two higher levels of NH4-supplied plantse0
Verbatim
e0“Chlorosis of the younger leaves was evident in all treatments except at the two higher levels of NH4-supplied plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing Fe supply raised shoot dry matter yield only slightly.
SorghumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dry matter yields of the shoots were raised only relatively slightly by the increasing levels of Fe supply”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium produced higher shoot dry matter yields than nitrate at each Fe level.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at each level the NH4 form was superior to that of NO3 -N”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizosphere sand pH fell about 0.5 unit with ammonium.
- Treatment
- NH4–fede0
- Outcome
- pH of the sand around the rootse0
- Direction
- fallene0
- Value
- about 0.5 of a unite0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the pH of the sand around the roots had fallen by about 0.5 of a unit for NH4–fed plants”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizosphere sand pH increased about 0.2 unit with nitrate.
Not reportedComparatorOutcome
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased by about 0.2 of a unit for NO3-fed plants”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium approximately doubled shoot Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn concentrations and uptakes versus nitrate.
- Treatment
- NH4 nutritione0
- Outcome
- micronutrient [Fe, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn)] shoot concentrations and uptakese0
- Direction
- doublede0
- Value
- approximately doublede0
- Comparator
- NO3-nutritione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NH4 nutrition approximately doubled the micronutrient [Fe, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn)] shoot concentrations and uptakes as compared with NO3-nutrition”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing Fe seed dressing had little effect on shoot Fe concentration or uptake with nitrate.
- Treatment
- increasing rates of Fe seed dressinge0
- Outcome
- shoot Fe concentrations or uptakese0
- Direction
- little effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For the NO3 –fed plants, increasing rates of Fe seed dressing had little effect on shoot Fe concentrations or uptakes”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrate fed plants had shoot Fe concentrations around 40 μ g g− 1 dry wt., below the critical deficiency range.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the concentration values determined (about 40 μ g g− 1 dry wt.) being below the range of critical deficiency concentration”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Mn concentrations of nitrate fed dressed plants were in the deficiency range.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“concentrations of Mn were also in the deficiency range in the seed dressed NO3-fed plants (11–12 μ g g− 1 dry wt)”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe dressing with ammonium fertilization and nitrification inhibition is proposed to avoid early chlorosis.
- Treatment
- Dressing sorghum seeds with Fe chelates in conjunction with NH4 fertilization supplemented with an inhibitore0
- Outcome
- avoidance of iron-induced chlorosise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dressing sorghum seeds with Fe chelates in conjunction with NH4 fertilization supplemented with an inhibitor to prevent nitrification would appear to be a worthwhile approach to ensure an initial source of Fe to the young developing plant in the avoidance of iron-induced chlorosis”
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.