Abstract
Accurate information regarding crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and its components is essential for proper water management. Salinity has become increasingly serious in many parts of the world, affecting the use of saline water in irrigation for various biochemical processes, hence the importance of understanding the effects of soil and water salinity on ETc. This study aimed to determine the transpiration (Tr) and soil evaporation (Es) components that constitute ETc in tomatoes irrigated by drip irrigation and to investigate the effects of irrigation water salinity levels on ETc and its components, as well as on the crop coefficient (Kc) used to determine ETc. In addition, the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) values determined by the measurements obtained with the lysimeter system were compared with the ETo values calculated using the Almeria (ETo_Alm), FAO Radiation (ETo_FAO-Rad), and Hargreaves (ETo_Harg) models. During the spring growing period of 2022, tomatoes were cultivated under four different irrigation water salinity levels: S0 = 0.7 (control), S1 = 2.5 (low), S2 = 5.0 (medium), and S3 = 7.5 (high) dS m−1. The Tr values in S0, S1, and S2 treatments were measured by the sap flow method. Radiation-based ETo prediction models had strong relationships with lysimeter-measured ETo values (R2 > 0.977 and RMSE < 0.53 mm). The results indicated that increasing salinity levels led to a decrease in both Tr and ETc while causing an increase in Es. In the S0, S1, and S2 treatments, Es accounted for 16.3, 45.0, and 36.2%, respectively. Actual Kc values also decreased with increasing salinity. The results indicate that different actual Kc values can be used when calculating evapotranspiration in decision-making processes in greenhouse tomato production in Antalya and when irrigation water with different salinity levels is used. Additionally, actual ETc responses of tomatoes to salinity can be used to manage saline water in irrigation scheduling.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Radiation models closely matched measured reference evapotranspiration.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“Radiation-based ETo prediction models had strong relationships with lysimeter-measured ETo values (R2 > 0.977 and RMSE < 0.53 mm).”
Claim · model-written summary
Radiation models had RMSE below 0.53 mm.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Radiation-based ETo prediction models had strong relationships with lysimeter-measured ETo values (R2 > 0.977 and RMSE < 0.53 mm).”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity decreased transpiration and crop evapotranspiration.
- Taxon
- tomatoes
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Treatment
- increasing salinity levelse0
- Outcome
- Tr and ETce0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results indicated that increasing salinity levels led to a decrease in both Tr and ETc while causing an increase in Es.”
e1“tomatoes irrigated by drip irrigation”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity increased soil evaporation.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The results indicated that increasing salinity levels led to a decrease in both Tr and ETc while causing an increase in Es.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil evaporation accounted for 16.3% in S0.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“In the S0, S1, and S2 treatments, Es accounted for 16.3, 45.0, and 36.2%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil evaporation accounted for 45.0% in S1.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“In the S0, S1, and S2 treatments, Es accounted for 16.3, 45.0, and 36.2%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil evaporation accounted for 36.2% in S2.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“In the S0, S1, and S2 treatments, Es accounted for 16.3, 45.0, and 36.2%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Actual crop coefficients decreased with salinity.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- increasing salinitye0
- Outcome
- Actual Kc valuese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Actual Kc values also decreased with increasing salinity.”
e1“tomatoes irrigated by drip irrigation”
Claim · model-written summary
Different actual crop coefficients can inform greenhouse tomato irrigation decisions in Antalya.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- different actual Kc values can be used when calculating evapotranspiratione0
- Setting
- Antalyae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results indicate that different actual Kc values can be used when calculating evapotranspiration in decision-making processes in greenhouse tomato production in Antalya and when irrigation water with different salinity levels is used.”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato evapotranspiration responses can guide saline irrigation scheduling.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- manage saline water in irrigation schedulinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Additionally, actual ETc responses of tomatoes to salinity can be used to manage saline water in irrigation scheduling.”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · physiology: gas exchange · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ
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- negative
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