Abstract
The use of plant growth promoting substances in order to optimize crop performance is one of the leading tasks of modern plant physiology. The effect of 0.005% 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (1-NAA), 0.005% gibberellic acid (GA3), 0.005% 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) foliar treatment on morphogenesis, leaf parameters, photosynthetic pigments content, photosynthetic apparatus activity indices, and residual amounts of the used substances in the sweet pepper Capsicum annuum L. variety Antey fruits was investigated. The field experiment was laid on plots of 32 m2. The treatment of plants was carried out at the budding stage. Morphometric indices were determined at the flowering and fruit formation stages. The mesostructure of the middle tier leaves was studied at the fruit formation stage. The content of the chlorophylls was determined in the fresh leaf tissue by the spectrophotometric method. Indices of photosystem II (PSII) activity were determined by registration of chlorophyll fluorescence induction, using a portable single-beam fluorimeter. The assay of the residual content growth of promotors in the fruits was carried out on a Shimadzu GC gas chromatograph with a mass spectrometric detector – GCMS-QP2020 EI. It was revealed that treatment with GA3 increased plant height. All substances increased the number of leaves on the plant, their fresh and dry weight, the leaf area, and the canopy leaf area index. All growth promoting substances thickened leaf laminas due to the growth of chlorenchyma. GA3 and 6-BAP increased the volume of columnar parenchyma cells, and 1-NAA and GA3 increased the size of leaf spongy parenchyma cells. 6-BAP increased the total chlorophyll (a + b) content in the leaves, and under the GA3 treatment this index tended to decrease. 6-BAP increased the chlorophyll index of plants at the fruit formation stage, and GA3 decreased it at the flowering stage. The net photosynthetic rate increased under the influence of 1-NAA and 6-BAP, and decreased under GA3 treatment. GA3 reduced photorespiration and transpiration in leaves, 6-BAP increased transpiration, and 1-NAA decreased it. All substances increased dark respiration. Treatment with GA3 and 6-BAP reliably increased the maximum quantum efficiency of PSII photochemical reactions. 1-NAA and 6-BAP increased the actual quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry. The coefficient of chlorophyll fluorescence photochemical quenching significantly increased at flowering under the application of 1-NAA, and tended to increase at the stage of fruit formation under the treatment of 1-NAA and 6-BAP. When GA3 was applied, the rate of chlorophyll fluorescence photochemical quenching was significantly reduced. The index of PSII reaction centers fraction that do not reduce the QB acceptor did not change with the use of 1-NAA and GA3 and tended to decrease after the use of 6-BAP. All growth promotors increased the whole plant dry weight. They reduced the net photosynthetic efficiency at the flowering stage, and at the stage of fruit formation it significantly increased under the treatment with 6-BAP. The 6-BAP caused the redistribution of plastic substances into the fruits due to the decrease in the dry weight of vegetative organs. Treatment with 1-NAA increased the proportion of root dry weight. 1-NAA, GA3 and 6-BAP increased the yield of fruits from one plant by 17%, 22% and 20% respectively due to the increase in the number of fruits per plant. The residual amounts of 1-NAA and 6-BAP in ripe sweet pepper fruits did not exceed the maximum permissible sanitary standards.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 increased pepper plant height.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuum L.
Capsicum annuume1 - Treatment
- GA3e0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatment with GA3 increased plant height”
e1“sweet pepper Capsicum annuum L. variety Antey fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
All substances increased pepper leaf number, fresh and dry weight, leaf area, and canopy leaf area index.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuum L.Capsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- All substancese0
- Outcome
- number of leaves on the plant, their fresh and dry weight, the leaf area, and the canopy leaf area indexe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All substances increased the number of leaves on the plant, their fresh and dry weight, the leaf area, and the canopy leaf area index.”
e1“sweet pepper Capsicum annuum L. variety Antey fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
All growth promoting substances thickened leaf laminas through chlorenchyma growth.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuum L.Capsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- All growth promoting substancese0
- Outcome
- leaf laminase0
- Direction
- thickenede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All growth promoting substances thickened leaf laminas due to the growth of chlorenchyma.”
e1“sweet pepper Capsicum annuum L. variety Antey fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 and 6-BAP increased columnar parenchyma cell volume.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuum L.Capsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- GA3 and 6-BAPe0
- Outcome
- volume of columnar parenchyma cellse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA3 and 6-BAP increased the volume of columnar parenchyma cells”
e1“sweet pepper Capsicum annuum L. variety Antey fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
1-NAA and GA3 increased leaf spongy parenchyma cell size.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuum L.Capsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- 1-NAA and GA3e0
- Outcome
- size of leaf spongy parenchyma cellse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1-NAA and GA3 increased the size of leaf spongy parenchyma cells.”
e1“sweet pepper Capsicum annuum L. variety Antey fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
6-BAP increased leaf total chlorophyll.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuum L.Capsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- 6-BAPe0
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll (a + b) contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“6-BAP increased the total chlorophyll (a + b) content in the leaves”
e1“sweet pepper Capsicum annuum L. variety Antey fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 tended to decrease leaf total chlorophyll.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuum L.Capsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- GA3e0
- Outcome
- this indexe0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under the GA3 treatment this index tended to decrease”
e1“sweet pepper Capsicum annuum L. variety Antey fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
6-BAP increased chlorophyll index at fruit formation; GA3 decreased it at flowering.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuum L.Capsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- 6-BAPe0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll index of plantse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“6-BAP increased the chlorophyll index of plants at the fruit formation stage, and GA3 decreased it at the flowering stage.”
e1“sweet pepper Capsicum annuum L. variety Antey fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
1-NAA and 6-BAP increased net photosynthetic rate.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuum L.Capsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- 1-NAA and 6-BAPe0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The net photosynthetic rate increased under the influence of 1-NAA and 6-BAP”
e1“sweet pepper Capsicum annuum L. variety Antey fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 decreased net photosynthetic rate.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuum L.Capsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- GA3e0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The net photosynthetic rate increased under the influence of 1-NAA and 6-BAP, and decreased under GA3 treatment.”
e1“sweet pepper Capsicum annuum L. variety Antey fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 reduced photorespiration and transpiration.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuum L.Capsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- GA3e0
- Outcome
- photorespiration and transpiratione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA3 reduced photorespiration and transpiration in leaves”
e1“sweet pepper Capsicum annuum L. variety Antey fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
6-BAP increased transpiration.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuum L.Capsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- 6-BAPe0
- Outcome
- transpiratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“6-BAP increased transpiration”
e1“sweet pepper Capsicum annuum L. variety Antey fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
1-NAA decreased transpiration.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuum L.Capsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- 1-NAAe0
- Outcome
- ite0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1-NAA decreased it.”
e1“sweet pepper Capsicum annuum L. variety Antey fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
All substances increased dark respiration and whole plant dry weight.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuum L.Capsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- All substancese0
- Outcome
- dark respiratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All substances increased dark respiration.”
e1“sweet pepper Capsicum annuum L. variety Antey fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 and 6-BAP increased maximum PSII quantum efficiency.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuum L.Capsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- GA3 and 6-BAPe0
- Outcome
- maximum quantum efficiency of PSII photochemical reactionse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with GA3 and 6-BAP reliably increased the maximum quantum efficiency of PSII photochemical reactions.”
e1“sweet pepper Capsicum annuum L. variety Antey fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
1-NAA and 6-BAP increased actual PSII quantum efficiency.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuum L.Capsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- 1-NAA and 6-BAPe0
- Outcome
- actual quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistrye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1-NAA and 6-BAP increased the actual quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry.”
e1“sweet pepper Capsicum annuum L. variety Antey fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
1-NAA increased chlorophyll fluorescence quenching at flowering.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuum L.Capsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- 1-NAAe0
- Outcome
- coefficient of chlorophyll fluorescence photochemical quenchinge0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The coefficient of chlorophyll fluorescence photochemical quenching significantly increased at flowering under the application of 1-NAA”
e1“sweet pepper Capsicum annuum L. variety Antey fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 reduced chlorophyll fluorescence quenching.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuum L.Capsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- GA3e0
- Outcome
- rate of chlorophyll fluorescence photochemical quenchinge0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When GA3 was applied, the rate of chlorophyll fluorescence photochemical quenching was significantly reduced.”
e1“sweet pepper Capsicum annuum L. variety Antey fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
All growth promoters increased whole plant dry weight.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuum L.Capsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- All growth promotorse0
- Outcome
- whole plant dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All growth promotors increased the whole plant dry weight.”
e1“sweet pepper Capsicum annuum L. variety Antey fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
1-NAA, GA3 and 6-BAP increased fruit yield by 17%, 22% and 20%, respectively.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuum L.Capsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- 1-NAA, GA3 and 6-BAPe0
- Outcome
- yield of fruits from one plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1-NAA, GA3 and 6-BAP increased the yield of fruits from one plant by 17%, 22% and 20% respectively due to the increase in the number of fruits per plant.”
e1“sweet pepper Capsicum annuum L. variety Antey fruits”
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