Abstract
Decoated pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv Early Calwonder) seeds germinated earlier at 25 degrees C, but not at 15 degrees C, compared to coated seeds. The seed coat did not appear to impose a mechanical restriction on pepper seed germination. Scarification of the endosperm material directly in front of the radicle reduced the time to germination at both 15 degrees C and 25 degrees C.The amount of mechanical resistance imposed by the endosperm on radicle emergence before germination was measured using the Instron Universal Testing Machine. Endosperm strength decreased as imbibition time increased. The puncture force decreased faster when seeds were imbibed at 25 degrees C than at 15 degrees C. The reduction in puncture force corresponded with the ability of pepper seeds to germinate. Most radicle emergence occurred at 15 degrees C and 25 degrees C after the puncture force was reduced to between 0.3 and 0.4 newtons.Application of gibberellic acid(4+7) (100 microliters per liter) resulted in earlier germination at 15 degrees C and 25 degrees C and decreased endosperm strength sooner than in untreated seeds. Similarly, high O(2) concentrations had similar effects on germination earliness and endosperm strength decline as did gibberellic acid(4+7), but only at 25 degrees C. At 15 degrees C, high O(2) concentrations slowed germination and endosperm strength decline.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Decoated pepper seeds germinated earlier at 25 degrees C but not at 15 degrees C than coated seeds
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuum
Capsicum annuume0 - Material
- Early Calwondere0
- Treatment
- Decoatede0
- Outcome
- germinatede0
- Direction
- earliere0
- Qualifier
- but not at 15 degrees Ce0
- Comparator
- coated seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Decoated pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv Early Calwonder) seeds germinated earlier at 25 degrees C, but not at 15 degrees C, compared to coated seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The seed coat did not impose a mechanical restriction on pepper seed germination
Verbatim
e1“The seed coat did not appear to impose a mechanical restriction on pepper seed germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Scarification of the endosperm in front of the radicle reduced the time to germination at 15 and 25 degrees C
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuumCapsicum annuume0
- Treatment
- Scarification of the endosperm materiale2
- Outcome
- time to germinatione2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Qualifier
- at both 15 degrees C and 25 degrees Ce2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Decoated pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv Early Calwonder) seeds germinated earlier at 25 degrees C, but not at 15 degrees C, compared to coated seeds”
e2“Scarification of the endosperm material directly in front of the radicle reduced the time to germination at both 15 degrees C and 25 degrees C”
Claim · model-written summary
Endosperm strength decreased as imbibition time increased in pepper seeds
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuumCapsicum annuume0
- Treatment
- imbibition timee3
- Outcome
- Endosperm strengthe3
- Direction
- decreasede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Decoated pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv Early Calwonder) seeds germinated earlier at 25 degrees C, but not at 15 degrees C, compared to coated seeds”
e3“Endosperm strength decreased as imbibition time increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Puncture force decreased faster in seeds imbibed at 25 degrees C than at 15 degrees C
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuumCapsicum annuume0
- Treatment
- imbibed at 25 degrees Ce4
- Outcome
- puncture forcee4
- Direction
- decreased fastere4
- Comparator
- at 15 degrees Ce4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Decoated pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv Early Calwonder) seeds germinated earlier at 25 degrees C, but not at 15 degrees C, compared to coated seeds”
e4“The puncture force decreased faster when seeds were imbibed at 25 degrees C than at 15 degrees C”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduction in puncture force corresponded with the ability of pepper seeds to germinate
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e5“The reduction in puncture force corresponded with the ability of pepper seeds to germinate”
Claim · model-written summary
Most radicle emergence occurred after the puncture force was reduced to between 0.3 and 0.4 newtons
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuumCapsicum annuume0
- Outcome
- radicle emergencee6
- Value
- between 0.3 and 0.4 newtonse6
- Qualifier
- after the puncture force was reducede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Decoated pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv Early Calwonder) seeds germinated earlier at 25 degrees C, but not at 15 degrees C, compared to coated seeds”
e6“Most radicle emergence occurred at 15 degrees C and 25 degrees C after the puncture force was reduced to between 0.3 and 0.4 newtons”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid (4+7) at 100 microliters per liter resulted in earlier germination at 15 and 25 degrees C
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuumCapsicum annuume0
- Treatment
- gibberellic acid(4+7) (100 microliters per liter)e7
- Outcome
- germinatione7
- Direction
- earliere7
- Qualifier
- at 15 degrees C and 25 degrees Ce7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Decoated pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv Early Calwonder) seeds germinated earlier at 25 degrees C, but not at 15 degrees C, compared to coated seeds”
e7“Application of gibberellic acid(4+7) (100 microliters per liter) resulted in earlier germination at 15 degrees C and 25 degrees C and decreased endosperm strength sooner than in untreated seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid (4+7) decreased endosperm strength sooner than in untreated seeds
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuumCapsicum annuume0
- Treatment
- gibberellic acid(4+7)e7
- Outcome
- endosperm strengthe7
- Direction
- decreasede7
- Qualifier
- soonere7
- Comparator
- untreated seedse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Decoated pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv Early Calwonder) seeds germinated earlier at 25 degrees C, but not at 15 degrees C, compared to coated seeds”
e7“Application of gibberellic acid(4+7) (100 microliters per liter) resulted in earlier germination at 15 degrees C and 25 degrees C and decreased endosperm strength sooner than in untreated seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
High oxygen concentrations had effects similar to gibberellic acid (4+7) on germination earliness and endosperm strength decline, only at 25 degrees C
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuumCapsicum annuume0
- Treatment
- high O(2) concentrationse1
- Outcome
- germination earliness and endosperm strength declinee1
- Direction
- similar effectse1
- Qualifier
- only at 25 degrees Ce1
- Comparator
- gibberellic acid(4+7)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Decoated pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv Early Calwonder) seeds germinated earlier at 25 degrees C, but not at 15 degrees C, compared to coated seeds”
e1“Similarly, high O(2) concentrations had similar effects on germination earliness and endosperm strength decline as did gibberellic acid(4+7), but only at 25 degrees C”
Claim · model-written summary
High oxygen concentrations slowed germination and endosperm strength decline at 15 degrees C
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuumCapsicum annuume0
- Treatment
- high O(2) concentrationse1
- Outcome
- germination and endosperm strength declinee1
- Direction
- slowede1
- Qualifier
- At 15 degrees Ce1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Decoated pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv Early Calwonder) seeds germinated earlier at 25 degrees C, but not at 15 degrees C, compared to coated seeds”
e1“At 15 degrees C, high O(2) concentrations slowed germination and endosperm strength decline”
The same questions in other papers
Gibberellic acid · growth · Capsicum annuum (sweet pepper)Results agree
19 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 20 papers →seed treatment · growth · Capsicum annuum (sweet pepper)Positive and negative results
23 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
23 papers more in this group
See all 27 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.