Abstract
Introduction The application of mineral fertilizers deteriorates soil properties and affects crop yield and nutritional properties. However, plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM- Serendipita indica , phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB), and vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM)) have great potential to reduce fertilizers and improve soil fertility, crop yield, and nutrient uptake and mitigate the environmental effect of mineral fertilizers. Material and methods Hence, a field experiment was conducted involving nine treatments to evaluate the effects of PGPM along with 50% or 100% of the recommended dose of fertilizers on plant growth, soil fertility, nutrient uptake, and onion productivity. Results and discussion Results indicated that 100% RDF combined with S. indica or PSB led to improved plant growth, and higher nutrient concentrations in both leaves and bulbs of onions compared to RDF alone. Moreover, the application of 100% RDF with S. indica increased total dry matter yield by 11.5% and 7.6% in the 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 seasons, respectively, compared to 100% RDF alone. This treatment also resulted in the highest nutrient uptake, with N uptake increasing by 6.9%-29.9%, P by 13.7%-21.7%, K by 20.0%-23.7%, and S by 18.1%-23.4%. Additionally, the combination of 100% RDF with S. indica inoculation led to a notable increase in bulb yield, with increments of 16.2% and 13.9% observed in 2018-2019 and 2019-2020, respectively, compared to 100% RDF alone. Similarly, the application of 100% RDF along with PSB inoculation resulted in an increase in bulb yield by 7.2% and 9.4% in the respective years. However, VAM did not exhibit satisfactory performance or improvements in the onion crop. Conclusion Overall, the study suggests that combining 100% RDF with S. indica or PSB can enhance onion productivity and nutrient use efficiency. The present study may open a new avenue of PGPM application in enhancing onion yield and improving the bulb quality as well as soil health. However, field trials across different regions and soil types are necessary to validate these findings for practical adoption by farmers.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Adding S. indica to 100% RDF improved onion growth relative to RDF alone.
- Taxon
- onions
Allium cepae0 - Treatment
- 100% RDF combined with S. indicae0
- Interactor
- S. indicaSerendipita indicae0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- RDF alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“100% RDF combined with S. indica or PSB led to improved plant growth, and higher nutrient concentrations in both leaves and bulbs of onions compared to RDF alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding PSB to 100% RDF improved onion growth relative to RDF alone.
- Taxon
- onionsAllium cepae0
- Treatment
- 100% RDF combined with S. indica or PSBe0
- Interactor
- PSBe0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- RDF alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“100% RDF combined with S. indica or PSB led to improved plant growth, and higher nutrient concentrations in both leaves and bulbs of onions compared to RDF alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding S. indica to 100% RDF raised onion leaf and bulb nutrient concentrations relative to RDF alone.
- Taxon
- onionsAllium cepae0
- Treatment
- 100% RDF combined with S. indica or PSBe0
- Interactor
- S. indicaSerendipita indicae0symbiont
- Outcome
- nutrient concentrations in both leaves and bulbse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- RDF alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“100% RDF combined with S. indica or PSB led to improved plant growth, and higher nutrient concentrations in both leaves and bulbs of onions compared to RDF alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding PSB to 100% RDF raised onion leaf and bulb nutrient concentrations relative to RDF alone.
- Taxon
- onionsAllium cepae0
- Treatment
- 100% RDF combined with S. indica or PSBe0
- Interactor
- PSBe0symbiont
- Outcome
- nutrient concentrations in both leaves and bulbse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- RDF alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“100% RDF combined with S. indica or PSB led to improved plant growth, and higher nutrient concentrations in both leaves and bulbs of onions compared to RDF alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Onion dry matter yield increased 11.5% with 100% RDF and S. indica in 2018-2019.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- 100% RDF with S. indicae0
- Interactor
- S. indicaSerendipita indicae0symbiont
- Outcome
- total dry matter yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 11.5%e0
- Qualifier
- 2018-2019e0
- Comparator
- 100% RDF alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“100% RDF with S. indica increased total dry matter yield by 11.5% and 7.6% in the 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 seasons, respectively, compared to 100% RDF alone”
t0“Optimizing plant growth, nutrient uptake, and yield of onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Onion dry matter yield increased 7.6% with 100% RDF and S. indica in 2019-2020.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- 100% RDF with S. indicae0
- Interactor
- S. indicaSerendipita indicae0symbiont
- Outcome
- total dry matter yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7.6%e0
- Qualifier
- 2019-2020e0
- Comparator
- 100% RDF alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“100% RDF with S. indica increased total dry matter yield by 11.5% and 7.6% in the 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 seasons, respectively, compared to 100% RDF alone”
t0“Optimizing plant growth, nutrient uptake, and yield of onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Onion N uptake increased by 6.9%-29.9% under 100% RDF with S. indica.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Interactor
- S. indicaSerendipita indicae1symbiontt0
- Outcome
- N uptakee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 6.9%-29.9%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This treatment also resulted in the highest nutrient uptake, with N uptake increasing by 6.9%-29.9%, P by 13.7%-21.7%, K by 20.0%-23.7%, and S by 18.1%-23.4%”
t0“Optimizing plant growth, nutrient uptake, and yield of onion”
e1“100% RDF combined with S. indica or PSB led to improved plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Onion P increased by 13.7%-21.7% under 100% RDF with S. indica.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Interactor
- S. indicaSerendipita indicae1symbiontt0
- Outcome
- Pe0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 13.7%-21.7%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This treatment also resulted in the highest nutrient uptake, with N uptake increasing by 6.9%-29.9%, P by 13.7%-21.7%, K by 20.0%-23.7%, and S by 18.1%-23.4%”
t0“Optimizing plant growth, nutrient uptake, and yield of onion”
e1“100% RDF combined with S. indica or PSB led to improved plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Onion K increased by 20.0%-23.7% under 100% RDF with S. indica.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Interactor
- S. indicaSerendipita indicae1symbiontt0
- Outcome
- Ke0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 20.0%-23.7%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This treatment also resulted in the highest nutrient uptake, with N uptake increasing by 6.9%-29.9%, P by 13.7%-21.7%, K by 20.0%-23.7%, and S by 18.1%-23.4%”
t0“Optimizing plant growth, nutrient uptake, and yield of onion”
e1“100% RDF combined with S. indica or PSB led to improved plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Onion S increased by 18.1%-23.4% under 100% RDF with S. indica.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Interactor
- S. indicaSerendipita indicae1symbiontt0
- Outcome
- Se0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 18.1%-23.4%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This treatment also resulted in the highest nutrient uptake, with N uptake increasing by 6.9%-29.9%, P by 13.7%-21.7%, K by 20.0%-23.7%, and S by 18.1%-23.4%”
t0“Optimizing plant growth, nutrient uptake, and yield of onion”
e1“100% RDF combined with S. indica or PSB led to improved plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
S. indica inoculation with 100% RDF increased onion bulb yield 16.2% in 2018-2019.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- 100% RDF with S. indica inoculatione0
- Interactor
- S. indicaSerendipita indicae0symbiont
- Outcome
- bulb yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 16.2%e0
- Qualifier
- 2018-2019e0
- Comparator
- 100% RDF alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“100% RDF with S. indica inoculation led to a notable increase in bulb yield, with increments of 16.2% and 13.9% observed in 2018-2019 and 2019-2020, respectively, compared to 100% RDF alone”
t0“Optimizing plant growth, nutrient uptake, and yield of onion”
Claim · model-written summary
S. indica inoculation with 100% RDF increased onion bulb yield 13.9% in 2019-2020.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- 100% RDF with S. indica inoculatione0
- Interactor
- S. indicaSerendipita indicae0symbiont
- Outcome
- bulb yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 13.9%e0
- Qualifier
- 2019-2020e0
- Comparator
- 100% RDF alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“100% RDF with S. indica inoculation led to a notable increase in bulb yield, with increments of 16.2% and 13.9% observed in 2018-2019 and 2019-2020, respectively, compared to 100% RDF alone”
t0“Optimizing plant growth, nutrient uptake, and yield of onion”
Claim · model-written summary
PSB inoculation with 100% RDF increased onion bulb yield 7.2%.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- 100% RDF along with PSB inoculatione0
- Interactor
- PSBe0symbiont
- Outcome
- bulb yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 7.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“100% RDF along with PSB inoculation resulted in an increase in bulb yield by 7.2% and 9.4% in the respective years”
t0“Optimizing plant growth, nutrient uptake, and yield of onion”
Claim · model-written summary
PSB inoculation with 100% RDF increased onion bulb yield 9.4%.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- 100% RDF along with PSB inoculatione0
- Interactor
- PSBe0symbiont
- Outcome
- bulb yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 9.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“100% RDF along with PSB inoculation resulted in an increase in bulb yield by 7.2% and 9.4% in the respective years”
t0“Optimizing plant growth, nutrient uptake, and yield of onion”
Claim · model-written summary
VAM gave no satisfactory improvement in the onion crop.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Interactor
- VAMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- improvements in the onion crope0
- Direction
- did not exhibite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“VAM did not exhibit satisfactory performance or improvements in the onion crop”
t0“Optimizing plant growth, nutrient uptake, and yield of onion”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest 100% RDF with S. indica can enhance onion productivity and nutrient use efficiency.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Treatment
- 100% RDF with S. indicae0
- Interactor
- S. indicaSerendipita indicae0symbiont
- Outcome
- onion productivity and nutrient use efficiencye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combining 100% RDF with S. indica or PSB can enhance onion productivity and nutrient use efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest 100% RDF with PSB can enhance onion productivity and nutrient use efficiency.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Treatment
- 100% RDF with S. indica or PSBe0
- Interactor
- PSBe0symbiont
- Outcome
- onion productivity and nutrient use efficiencye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combining 100% RDF with S. indica or PSB can enhance onion productivity and nutrient use efficiency”
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See all 294 papers →8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.