Abstract
Salinity stress is a serious environmental threat that has a detrimental impact on agricultural yield and productivity. The effects of plasma-treated water (PTW) and metal ions (M) on Pak Choi growth and salt tolerance genes under salinity stress have not yet been studied. To bridge these gaps, we explored the effects of PTW and PTW + M, prepared using multi-electrode cylindrical dielectric barrier discharged plasma, on Pak Choi seedlings irrigated with 100 mM NaCl solution for 7 d, with an aim to improve plant tolerance to salinity. PTW and PTW + M significantly improved the length and dry weight of shoots and roots, as well as photosynthetic activity, by increasing chlorophyll a and b, pheophytin a and b, total pheophytin, and carotenoid contents. Plant biomass increased maximum of up to 54.4%, shoot length 18.1%, and root length 26.01% in the PTW + M group compared to the control. Furthermore, total chlorophyll and pheophytin content increased 2.16 and 1.55 times after PTW + M irrigation compared to control (DI irrigation) under salinity stress. PTW and PTW + M irrigation further reduced the plasma membrane permeability along with an increase in hydration and intracellular NO and Ca2+ levels, with ionic balance and osmotic adjustment genes under salinity stress. Additionally, the treatments improved the primary metabolite accumulation of sugars, sugar alcohols, organic acids, and amino acids, as osmo-protectants, and modulated the adaptation to mitigate salinity stress. In conclusion, PTW and PTW + M irrigation mitigated salinity stress by promoting osmotic adjustment, membrane impermeability, hydration capacity, and the upregulation of salt tolerance genes and primary metabolites in Pak Choi seedlings under salinity stress.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
PTW and PTW plus metal ions improved shoot and root length and dry weight under salt stress.
- Taxon
- Pak Choit0
- Treatment
- PTW and PTW + Me0
- Outcome
- length and dry weight of shoots and rootse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“PTW and PTW + M significantly improved the length and dry weight of shoots and roots”
t0“Pak Choi”
Claim · model-written summary
PTW treatments increased chlorophyll and other photosynthetic pigments.
- Taxon
- Pak Choit0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a and b, pheophytin a and b, total pheophytin, and carotenoid contentse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“by increasing chlorophyll a and b, pheophytin a and b, total pheophytin, and carotenoid contents.”
t0“Pak Choi”
Claim · model-written summary
PTW plus metal ions increased Pak Choi biomass by up to 54.4% versus control.
Verbatim
e0“Plant biomass increased maximum of up to 54.4%, shoot length 18.1%, and root length 26.01% in the PTW + M group compared to the control.”
t0“Pak Choi”
Claim · model-written summary
PTW plus metal ions increased shoot length by 18.1% versus control.
Verbatim
e0“Plant biomass increased maximum of up to 54.4%, shoot length 18.1%, and root length 26.01% in the PTW + M group compared to the control.”
t0“Pak Choi”
Claim · model-written summary
PTW plus metal ions increased root length by 26.01% versus control.
Verbatim
e0“Plant biomass increased maximum of up to 54.4%, shoot length 18.1%, and root length 26.01% in the PTW + M group compared to the control.”
t0“Pak Choi”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salinity stress, PTW plus metal ions increased total chlorophyll 2.16 times over DI irrigation.
Verbatim
e0“total chlorophyll and pheophytin content increased 2.16 and 1.55 times after PTW + M irrigation compared to control (DI irrigation) under salinity stress.”
t0“Pak Choi”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salinity stress, PTW plus metal ions increased pheophytin 1.55 times over DI irrigation.
Verbatim
e0“total chlorophyll and pheophytin content increased 2.16 and 1.55 times after PTW + M irrigation compared to control (DI irrigation) under salinity stress.”
t0“Pak Choi”
Claim · model-written summary
PTW treatments reduced plasma membrane permeability under salt stress.
- Taxon
- Pak Choit0
- Treatment
- PTW and PTW + M irrigatione0
- Outcome
- plasma membrane permeabilitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“PTW and PTW + M irrigation further reduced the plasma membrane permeability”
t0“Pak Choi”
Claim · model-written summary
PTW treatments increased hydration and intracellular NO and Ca2+ under salt stress.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“along with an increase in hydration and intracellular NO and Ca2+ levels”
t0“Pak Choi”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatments improved accumulation of sugars, sugar alcohols and organic acids.
- Taxon
- Pak Choit0
- Treatment
- the treatmentse0
- Outcome
- primary metabolite accumulation of sugars, sugar alcohols, organic acidse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the treatments improved the primary metabolite accumulation of sugars, sugar alcohols, organic acids, and amino acids”
t0“Pak Choi”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatments improved amino acid accumulation.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the treatments improved the primary metabolite accumulation of sugars, sugar alcohols, organic acids, and amino acids”
t0“Pak Choi”
Claim · model-written summary
PTW irrigation was interpreted as upregulating salt-tolerance genes in Pak Choi.
Verbatim
e0“the upregulation of salt tolerance genes and primary metabolites in Pak Choi seedlings under salinity stress.”
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