Abstract
To analyse the series of dynamics of winter wheat, peas, sugar beet, sunflower and soybeans under different types of crop rotation, tillage and fertilization in a long-term stationary experiment. Methods. Statistical analysis (non-parametric statistics, ARIMA method, singular spectral method) in the central part of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe. Results. The yield of winter wheat in a crop rotation with peas under systematic ploughing was 4.67–5.15 t/ha, surface tillage interrupted by ploughing for sugar beet – 5.0–5.05 t/ha, with constant surface tillage for all crops in the crop rotation – 4.50–4.64 t/ha. In the crop rotation with perennial grasses, the yield of winter wheat grain was the highest under surface tillage – 4.89–4.95 t/ha, and under no-till and ploughing, the yield of wheat was 4.73 and 4.50 t/ha, which is significantly lower (NIR0.5=0.25) compared to systematic ploughing. The yield of maize in a crop rotation with peas and grasses was the highest under ploughing: 9.45–10.0 t/ha and 11.3 t/ha, respectively. Under no-till tillage, corn grain yields were lower by 1.03 and 0.57 t/ha and 1.7 t/ha, respectively, in crop rotations, and under surface tillage, yields decreased to 8.53–8.85 t/ha. Under moldboardless cultivation, grain yields tended to decrease, but remained within the range of reliable values: yields decreased by 0.76 and 0.57 t/ha or 9.3% and 8.8%; under surface tillage – by 0.86 and 0.92 t/ha or 10.5% and 14.3% (reliable value). Conclusions. The autocorrelation in the series of soybean dynamics in 7–10–seed rotations indicates the absence of trend, and no clearly defined cycles of grain yield changes were found. In crop rotations with a short rotation (3–5 fallow crop rotations), a cycle at lag 4 (3 years) was found at the limit of reliability, and a less pronounced cycle at lag 14 (8 years). On average, for 3–10 crop rotations, yield trends are weakly expressed, and cyclicality is weakly expressed at lags 4 and 14 (3 and 8 years). The autocorrelation function of yield change indicates a high trendiness. The cyclicality is well expressed at lags 11–13 (7–8 years), and the change in the sign of autocorrelation is observed at lag 6 (3–4 years).
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Winter wheat yield in a rotation with peas under systematic ploughing was 4.67-5.15 t/ha.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- systematic ploughinge0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Value
- 4.67–5.15 t/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield of winter wheat in a crop rotation with peas under systematic ploughing was 4.67–5.15 t/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Winter wheat yield under surface tillage interrupted by ploughing for sugar beet was 5.0-5.05 t/ha.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- surface tillage interrupted by ploughing for sugar beete0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Value
- 5.0–5.05 t/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield of winter wheat in a crop rotation with peas under systematic ploughing was 4.67–5.15 t/ha, surface tillage interrupted by ploughing for sugar beet – 5.0–5.05 t/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Winter wheat yield under constant surface tillage for all crops in the rotation was 4.50-4.64 t/ha.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- constant surface tillage for all crops in the crop rotatione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Value
- 4.50–4.64 t/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield of winter wheat in a crop rotation with peas under systematic ploughing was 4.67–5.15 t/ha, surface tillage interrupted by ploughing for sugar beet – 5.0–5.05 t/ha, with constant surface tillage for all crops in the crop rotation – 4.50–4.64 t/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
In the rotation with perennial grasses winter wheat grain yield was highest under surface tillage, 4.89-4.95 t/ha.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- surface tillagee0
- Outcome
- yield of winter wheat graine0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 4.89–4.95 t/hae0
- Qualifier
- crop rotation with perennial grassese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the crop rotation with perennial grasses, the yield of winter wheat grain was the highest under surface tillage – 4.89–4.95 t/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Under no-till wheat yield was 4.73 t/ha, significantly lower than under systematic ploughing.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- no-tille0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 4.73e0
- Comparator
- systematic ploughinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under no-till and ploughing, the yield of wheat was 4.73 and 4.50 t/ha, which is significantly lower (NIR0.5=0.25) compared to systematic ploughing”
Claim · model-written summary
Under ploughing wheat yield was 4.50 t/ha, significantly lower than under systematic ploughing.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- ploughinge0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 4.50 t/hae0
- Comparator
- systematic ploughinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under no-till and ploughing, the yield of wheat was 4.73 and 4.50 t/ha, which is significantly lower (NIR0.5=0.25) compared to systematic ploughing”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize yield in a rotation with peas was highest under ploughing, 9.45-10.0 t/ha.
- Treatment
- ploughinge0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 9.45–10.0 t/hae0
- Qualifier
- crop rotation with pease0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield of maize in a crop rotation with peas and grasses was the highest under ploughing: 9.45–10.0 t/ha and 11.3 t/ha, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize yield in a rotation with grasses was highest under ploughing, 11.3 t/ha.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield of maize in a crop rotation with peas and grasses was the highest under ploughing: 9.45–10.0 t/ha and 11.3 t/ha, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Under no-till corn grain yields were lower by 1.03 and 0.57 t/ha and 1.7 t/ha in the respective crop rotations.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- no-tille0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 1.03 and 0.57 t/ha and 1.7 t/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under no-till tillage, corn grain yields were lower by 1.03 and 0.57 t/ha and 1.7 t/ha, respectively, in crop rotations”
Claim · model-written summary
Under surface tillage corn yields decreased to 8.53-8.85 t/ha.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- surface tillagee0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 8.53–8.85 t/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under no-till tillage, corn grain yields were lower by 1.03 and 0.57 t/ha and 1.7 t/ha, respectively, in crop rotations, and under surface tillage, yields decreased to 8.53–8.85 t/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Under moldboardless cultivation grain yields decreased by 0.76 and 0.57 t/ha or 9.3% and 8.8%, within the range of reliable values.
- Treatment
- moldboardless cultivatione0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 0.76 and 0.57 t/ha or 9.3% and 8.8%e0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Under moldboardless cultivation, grain yields tended to decrease, but remained within the range of reliable values: yields decreased by 0.76 and 0.57 t/ha or 9.3% and 8.8%”
Claim · model-written summary
Under surface tillage grain yields decreased by 0.86 and 0.92 t/ha or 10.5% and 14.3% (reliable value).
- Treatment
- surface tillagee0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 0.86 and 0.92 t/ha or 10.5% and 14.3%e0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Under moldboardless cultivation, grain yields tended to decrease, but remained within the range of reliable values: yields decreased by 0.76 and 0.57 t/ha or 9.3% and 8.8%; under surface tillage – by 0.86 and 0.92 t/ha or 10.5% and 14.3% (reliable value)”
Claim · model-written summary
Autocorrelation of soybean yield series in 7-10-seed rotations indicates no trend and no clearly defined cycles of grain yield changes.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Outcome
- absence of trende0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The autocorrelation in the series of soybean dynamics in 7–10–seed rotations indicates the absence of trend, and no clearly defined cycles of grain yield changes were found”
Claim · model-written summary
In short rotations a yield cycle at lag 4 (3 years) was found at the limit of reliability and a less pronounced cycle at lag 14 (8 years).
- Outcome
- a cycle at lag 4 (3 years)e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“In crop rotations with a short rotation (3–5 fallow crop rotations), a cycle at lag 4 (3 years) was found at the limit of reliability, and a less pronounced cycle at lag 14 (8 years)”
Claim · model-written summary
On average for 3-10 crop rotations yield trends and cyclicality at lags 4 and 14 are weakly expressed.
- Outcome
- yield trendse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“On average, for 3–10 crop rotations, yield trends are weakly expressed, and cyclicality is weakly expressed at lags 4 and 14 (3 and 8 years)”
Claim · model-written summary
The autocorrelation function of yield change indicates a high trendiness.
- Outcome
- high trendinesse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The autocorrelation function of yield change indicates a high trendiness”
Claim · model-written summary
Cyclicality is well expressed at lags 11-13 (7-8 years) and the autocorrelation changes sign at lag 6 (3-4 years).
- Outcome
- cyclicality is well expressed at lags 11–13e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The cyclicality is well expressed at lags 11–13 (7–8 years), and the change in the sign of autocorrelation is observed at lag 6 (3–4 years)”
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