Abstract
In 'Hass' avocado (Persea americana), fruit presence reduces next season flowering. Recent fruit tree studies proposed that heavy fruit load (HFL) generates an auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) signal in the buds that represses flowering. However, the nature of this signal remains unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of avocado HFL on bud IAA accumulation and flowering transition. We found that IAA-aspartate and IAA-glutamate conjugate levels were significantly higher in buds from fully loaded ('on') than low-loaded ('off') trees, hinting that free IAA levels were higher in the former. Expression analysis showed that coinciding with flowering reduction, HFL induced the floral repressor PaTFL1, and suggested that accumulation of IAA in buds as imposed by HFL was associated with its conjugation to aspartate and glutamate and resulted both from de novo IAA synthesis and from reduced IAA export. Accordingly, experiments involving radiolabelled [14C]IAA demonstrated that HFL reduced shoot basipetal IAA transport. Finally, we confirmed the negative effects of IAA on flowering, showing that IAA and polar auxin transport blocker (2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid) treatments delayed 'off' trees' inflorescence development, reducing their inflorescence axis and inducing PaTFL1 expression. Together, our data indicate that avocado HFL generates IAA signalling in buds that induces PaTFL1, leading to repression of inflorescence development.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
IAA-aspartate and IAA-glutamate conjugate levels in buds were significantly higher on fully loaded trees than on low-loaded trees.
- Taxon
- avocado
Persea americanae0 - Organ / stage
- budse1
- Treatment
- fully loadede1
- Outcome
- IAA-aspartate and IAA-glutamate conjugate levelse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- low-loadede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 'Hass' avocado (Persea americana), fruit presence reduces next season flowering”
e1“IAA-aspartate and IAA-glutamate conjugate levels were significantly higher in buds from fully loaded ('on') than low-loaded ('off') trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy fruit load induced the floral repressor PaTFL1 in avocado, coinciding with reduced flowering.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 'Hass' avocado (Persea americana), fruit presence reduces next season flowering”
e3“HFL induced the floral repressor PaTFL1”
Claim · model-written summary
Accumulation of IAA in avocado buds under heavy fruit load was associated with conjugation to aspartate and glutamate, and resulted from de novo IAA synthesis and reduced IAA export.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanae0
- Organ / stage
- budse2
- Compound
- IAAe2
- Outcome
- accumulation of IAA in budse2
- Qualifier
- resulted both from de novo IAA synthesis and from reduced IAA exporte2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 'Hass' avocado (Persea americana), fruit presence reduces next season flowering”
e2“accumulation of IAA in buds as imposed by HFL was associated with its conjugation to aspartate and glutamate and resulted both from de novo IAA synthesis and from reduced IAA export”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy fruit load reduced basipetal IAA transport in avocado shoots.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanae0
- Treatment
- HFLe4
- Outcome
- shoot basipetal IAA transporte4
- Direction
- reducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 'Hass' avocado (Persea americana), fruit presence reduces next season flowering”
e4“HFL reduced shoot basipetal IAA transport”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA and polar auxin transport blocker treatments delayed inflorescence development of low-loaded avocado trees.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanae0
- Treatment
- IAA and polar auxin transport blockere5
- Compound
- 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acide5
- Outcome
- inflorescence developmente5
- Direction
- delayede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 'Hass' avocado (Persea americana), fruit presence reduces next season flowering”
e5“IAA and polar auxin transport blocker (2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid) treatments delayed 'off' trees' inflorescence development”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA and polar auxin transport blocker treatments reduced the inflorescence axis of low-loaded avocado trees.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanae0
- Treatment
- IAA and polar auxin transport blockere5
- Compound
- 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acide5
- Outcome
- inflorescence axise6
- Direction
- reducinge6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 'Hass' avocado (Persea americana), fruit presence reduces next season flowering”
e5“IAA and polar auxin transport blocker (2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid) treatments delayed 'off' trees' inflorescence development”
e6“reducing their inflorescence axis and inducing PaTFL1 expression”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA and polar auxin transport blocker treatments induced PaTFL1 expression in low-loaded avocado trees.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanae0
- Treatment
- IAA and polar auxin transport blockere5
- Gene
- PaTFL1e6
- Outcome
- PaTFL1 expressione6
- Direction
- inducinge6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 'Hass' avocado (Persea americana), fruit presence reduces next season flowering”
e5“IAA and polar auxin transport blocker (2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid) treatments delayed 'off' trees' inflorescence development”
e6“reducing their inflorescence axis and inducing PaTFL1 expression”
The same questions in other papers
class · growth · Persea americana (avocado)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.