Abstract
BACKGROUND: Water deficiency stress reduces yield in grain legumes, primarily due to a decrease in the pods number. Melatonin (ML) and 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) are recognized for their hormone-like properties that improve plant tolerance to abiotic stresses. This study aimed to assess the impact of different concentrations of ML (0, 100, and 200 µM) and EBL (0, 3, and 6 µM) on the growth, biochemical, and physiological characteristics of chickpea plants under water-stressed conditions. RESULTS: (62%), malondialdehyde content (40%), and electrolyte leakage index (40%), resulted in a 40% reduction in chickpea plants grain yield. Our findings confirmed that under water-stressed conditions, seed oil, seed oil yield, and seed protein yield dropped by 20%, 55%, and 36%, respectively. The concurrent exogenous application of ML and EBL significantly reduces oxidative stress, plasma membrane damage, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content. This treatment also leads to increased yield and its components, higher pigment content, enhanced oil and protein yield, and improved enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, polyphenol oxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, flavonoid, and carotenoid. Furthermore, it promotes the accumulation of osmoprotectants such as proline, total soluble protein, and sugars. CONCLUSIONS: Our study found that ML and EBL act synergistically to regulate plant growth, photosynthesis, osmoprotectants accumulation, antioxidant defense systems, and maintain ROS homeostasis, thereby mitigating the adverse effects of water deficit conditions. ML and EBL are key regulatory network components in stressful conditions, with significant potential for future research and practical applications. The regulation metabolic pathways of ML and EBL in water-stressed remains unknown. As a result, future research should aim to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by employing genome editing, RNA sequencing, microarray, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses to identify the mechanisms involved in plant responses to exogenous ML and EBL under water deficit conditions. Furthermore, the economical applications of synthetic ML and EBL could be an interesting strategy for improving plant tolerance.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress reduced chickpea grain yield by 40%.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinumt0 - Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 40%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resulted in a 40% reduction in chickpea plants grain yield”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Under water stress, chickpea seed oil dropped by 20%.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- seed oile0
- Direction
- droppede0
- Value
- 20%e0
- Qualifier
- under water-stressed conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under water-stressed conditions, seed oil, seed oil yield, and seed protein yield dropped by 20%, 55%, and 36%, respectively.”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Under water stress, chickpea seed oil yield dropped by 55%.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- seed oil yielde0
- Direction
- droppede0
- Value
- 55%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under water-stressed conditions, seed oil, seed oil yield, and seed protein yield dropped by 20%, 55%, and 36%, respectively.”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Under water stress, chickpea seed protein yield dropped by 36%.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- seed protein yielde0
- Direction
- droppede0
- Value
- 36%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under water-stressed conditions, seed oil, seed oil yield, and seed protein yield dropped by 20%, 55%, and 36%, respectively.”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Concurrent ML and EBL significantly reduced oxidative stress, membrane damage and ROS content.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- concurrent exogenous application of ML and EBLe0
- Outcome
- oxidative stress, plasma membrane damage, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) contente0
- Direction
- reducese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The concurrent exogenous application of ML and EBL significantly reduces oxidative stress, plasma membrane damage, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content.”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Concurrent ML and EBL increased yield and yield components.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- ML and EBLe1
- Outcome
- yield and its componentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This treatment also leads to increased yield and its components, higher pigment content, enhanced oil and protein yield”
t0“melatonin and 24-epibrassinolide on chickpea”
e1“The concurrent exogenous application of ML and EBL significantly reduces oxidative stress, plasma membrane damage, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content.”
Claim · model-written summary
Concurrent ML and EBL raised pigment content.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- ML and EBLe1
- Outcome
- pigment contente0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This treatment also leads to increased yield and its components, higher pigment content, enhanced oil and protein yield”
t0“melatonin and 24-epibrassinolide on chickpea”
e1“The concurrent exogenous application of ML and EBL significantly reduces oxidative stress, plasma membrane damage, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content.”
Claim · model-written summary
Concurrent ML and EBL enhanced oil and protein yield.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- ML and EBLe1
- Outcome
- oil and protein yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This treatment also leads to increased yield and its components, higher pigment content, enhanced oil and protein yield”
t0“melatonin and 24-epibrassinolide on chickpea”
e1“The concurrent exogenous application of ML and EBL significantly reduces oxidative stress, plasma membrane damage, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content.”
Claim · model-written summary
Concurrent ML and EBL improved enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- ML and EBLe1
- Outcome
- enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activitiese0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improved enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, polyphenol oxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, flavonoid, and carotenoid.”
t0“melatonin and 24-epibrassinolide on chickpea”
e1“The concurrent exogenous application of ML and EBL significantly reduces oxidative stress, plasma membrane damage, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content.”
Claim · model-written summary
Concurrent ML and EBL promoted accumulation of proline, soluble protein and sugars.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- ML and EBLe1
- Outcome
- accumulation of osmoprotectants such as proline, total soluble protein, and sugarse0
- Direction
- promotese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it promotes the accumulation of osmoprotectants such as proline, total soluble protein, and sugars.”
t0“melatonin and 24-epibrassinolide on chickpea”
e1“The concurrent exogenous application of ML and EBL significantly reduces oxidative stress, plasma membrane damage, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content.”
The same questions in other papers
24-epi-brassinolide · physiology: oxidative · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
melatonin · physiology: oxidative · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
24-epi-brassinolide · physiology: pigments · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
24-epi-brassinolide · physiology: enzyme activity · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
24-epi-brassinolide · physiology: osmolytes · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
melatonin · quality: protein · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
melatonin · physiology: pigments · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.