Abstract
Phosphatic fertilizers applied to soil, with time, alters into different insoluble soil phosphorus fractions. Since P fertilizers are expensive and raw material supplies are limited, it is essential to evaluate changes in phosphorus fractions and balance in soil in order to determine appropriate phosphorus fertilizer management strategies for sustainable yields. A long-term experiment (20 years) was conducted in an inceptisol with rice-rice cropping system. Soil samples were collected from six treated plots and one fallow; analyzed for phosphorus fractions using sequential extraction method. Phosphorus balance was computed. The results reveled that yield was 51.5, 112.0, 147.7 and 116.7% higher under 50% NPK, 100% NPK, 150% NPK and 100% NPK + FYM over control. Irrespective of the treatments, the abundance of the various fractions of phosphorus (P) in soil as follows: Organic P (32.4% of total P) > Calcium-P (27.76% of total P) > Mineral P (24.17% of total P) > Iron-P (6.65% of total P) > Aluminum-P (3.46% of total P) > Reductant soluble P (3.22% total P) > Occluded P (1.44% of total P) > Saloid P (0.89% total P). Phosphorus activation coefficient (%) was recorded higher under 150% NPK followed by 100% NPK + FYM > 100% NPK > 50% NPK > 100% N > control > Fallow. Hence, 100% NPK + FYM treatment has maintained phosphorus fractions in a good proportion and sustainable yields under rice-rice cropping system.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Rice yield under 50% NPK was 51.5% higher than control.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- 50% NPKe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 51.5e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield was 51.5, 112.0, 147.7 and 116.7% higher under 50% NPK, 100% NPK, 150% NPK and 100% NPK + FYM over control”
t0“rice-rice cropping system”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice yield under 100% NPK was 112.0% higher than control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 100% NPKe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 112.0e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield was 51.5, 112.0, 147.7 and 116.7% higher under 50% NPK, 100% NPK, 150% NPK and 100% NPK + FYM over control”
t0“rice-rice cropping system”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice yield under 150% NPK was 147.7% higher than control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 150% NPKe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 147.7e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield was 51.5, 112.0, 147.7 and 116.7% higher under 50% NPK, 100% NPK, 150% NPK and 100% NPK + FYM over control”
t0“rice-rice cropping system”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice yield under 100% NPK plus FYM was 116.7% higher than control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 100% NPK + FYMe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 116.7%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield was 51.5, 112.0, 147.7 and 116.7% higher under 50% NPK, 100% NPK, 150% NPK and 100% NPK + FYM over control”
t0“rice-rice cropping system”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic P comprised 32.4% of total soil P, the largest fraction.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Organic P (32.4% of total P) > Calcium-P (27.76% of total P)”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium-P comprised 27.76% of total soil P.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Calcium-P (27.76% of total P)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral P comprised 24.17% of total soil P.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Mineral P (24.17% of total P)”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron-P comprised 6.65% of total soil P.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Iron-P (6.65% of total P)”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminum-P comprised 3.46% of total soil P.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Aluminum-P (3.46% of total P)”
Claim · model-written summary
Reductant soluble P comprised 3.22% of total soil P.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Reductant soluble P (3.22% total P)”
Claim · model-written summary
Occluded P comprised 1.44% of total soil P.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Occluded P (1.44% of total P)”
Claim · model-written summary
Saloid P comprised 0.89% of total soil P.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Saloid P (0.89% total P)”
Claim · model-written summary
The phosphorus activation coefficient ranked highest under 150% NPK.
- Treatment
- 150% NPKe0
- Outcome
- Phosphorus activation coefficient (%)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- 100% NPK + FYMe0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Phosphorus activation coefficient (%) was recorded higher under 150% NPK followed by 100% NPK + FYM > 100% NPK > 50% NPK > 100% N > control > Fallow”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that 100% NPK plus FYM maintained balanced P fractions and sustainable rice yields.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 100% NPK + FYMe0
- Outcome
- maintained phosphorus fractions in a good proportion and sustainable yieldse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“100% NPK + FYM treatment has maintained phosphorus fractions in a good proportion and sustainable yields under rice-rice cropping system”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
3,182 papers in the same direction as this paper · 207 in the opposite direction · 65 reporting no difference from an alternative
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