Abstract
The complex evolutionary history of wheat has shaped its associated root microbial community. However, consideration of impacts from agricultural intensification has been limited. This study investigated how endogenous (genome polyploidization) and exogenous (introduction of chemical fertilizers) factors have shaped beneficial rhizobacterial selection. We combined culture-independent and -dependent methods to analyze rhizobacterial community composition and its associated functions at the root-soil interface from a range of ancestral and modern wheat genotypes, grown with and without the addition of chemical fertilizer. In controlled pot experiments, fertilization and soil compartment (rhizosphere, rhizoplane) were the dominant factors shaping rhizobacterial community composition, whereas the expansion of the wheat genome from diploid to allopolyploid caused the next greatest variation. Rhizoplane-derived culturable bacterial collections tested for plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits revealed that fertilization reduced the abundance of putative plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in allopolyploid wheats but not in wild wheat progenitors. Taxonomic classification of these isolates showed that these differences were largely driven by reduced selection of beneficial root bacteria representative of the Bacteroidota phylum in allopolyploid wheats. Furthermore, the complexity of supported beneficial bacterial populations in hexaploid wheats was greatly reduced in comparison to diploid wild wheats. We therefore propose that the selection of root-associated bacterial genera with PGP functions may be impaired by crop domestication in a fertilizer-dependent manner, a potentially crucial finding to direct future plant breeding programs to improve crop production systems in a changing environment.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization and soil compartment were the dominant factors in root bacterial composition.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0e1e2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fertilization and soil compartment (rhizosphere, rhizoplane) were the dominant factors shaping rhizobacterial community composition”
e1“the expansion of the wheat genome from diploid to allopolyploid caused the next greatest variation”
e2“fertilization reduced the abundance of putative plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in allopolyploid wheats”
Claim · model-written summary
Genome expansion from diploid to allopolyploid explained the next greatest bacterial community variation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0e1e2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expansion of the wheat genome from diploid to allopolyploid caused the next greatest variation”
e1“the expansion of the wheat genome from diploid to allopolyploid caused the next greatest variation”
e2“fertilization reduced the abundance of putative plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in allopolyploid wheats”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization reduced putative beneficial rhizobacteria in allopolyploid wheats.
TriticumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fertilization reduced the abundance of putative plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in allopolyploid wheats”
e1“the expansion of the wheat genome from diploid to allopolyploid caused the next greatest variation”
e2“fertilization reduced the abundance of putative plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in allopolyploid wheats”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization did not reduce putative beneficial rhizobacteria in wild wheat progenitors.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0e1e2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but not in wild wheat progenitors”
e1“the expansion of the wheat genome from diploid to allopolyploid caused the next greatest variation”
e2“fertilization reduced the abundance of putative plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in allopolyploid wheats”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced selection of Bacteroidota representatives largely drove the differences.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0e1e2
- Interactor
- BacteroidotaBacteroidotae0e1e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“differences were largely driven by reduced selection of beneficial root bacteria representative of the Bacteroidota phylum”
e1“the expansion of the wheat genome from diploid to allopolyploid caused the next greatest variation”
e2“fertilization reduced the abundance of putative plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in allopolyploid wheats”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexaploid wheat supported much less complex beneficial bacterial populations than wild diploid wheat.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“complexity of supported beneficial bacterial populations in hexaploid wheats was greatly reduced in comparison to diploid wild wheats”
e1“the expansion of the wheat genome from diploid to allopolyploid caused the next greatest variation”
e2“fertilization reduced the abundance of putative plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in allopolyploid wheats”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors propose that domestication impairs selection of beneficial root bacteria conditional on fertilizer.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0e1e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“selection of root-associated bacterial genera with PGP functions may be impaired by crop domestication in a fertilizer-dependent manner”
e1“the expansion of the wheat genome from diploid to allopolyploid caused the next greatest variation”
e2“fertilization reduced the abundance of putative plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in allopolyploid wheats”
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