Abstract
BACKGROUND: Biochar, a carbon-rich source and natural growth stimulant, is usually produced by the pyrolysis of agricultural biomass. It is widely used to enhance plant growth, enzyme activity, and crop productivity. However, there are no conclusive studies on how different levels of biochar application influence these systems. METHODS AND RESULTS: The present study elucidated the dose-dependent effects of biochar application on the physiological performance, enzyme activity, and dry matter accumulation of tobacco plants via field experiments. In addition, transcriptome analysis was performed on 60-day-old (early growth stage) and 100-day-old (late growth stage) tobacco leaves to determine the changes in transcript levels at the molecular level under various biochar application levels (0, 600, and 1800 kg/ha). The results demonstrated that optimum biochar application enhances plant growth, regulates enzymatic activity, and promotes biomass accumulation in tobacco plants, while higher biochar doses had adverse effects. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis revealed a total of 6561 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were up- or down-regulated in the groupwise comparison under different treatments. KEGG pathways analysis demonstrated that carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms (ko00710), photosynthesis (ko00195), and starch and sucrose metabolism (ko00500) pathways were significantly up-regulated under the optimal biochar dosage (600 kg/ha) and down-regulated under the higher biochar dosage (1800 kg/ha). CONCLUSION: Collectively, these results indicate that biochar application at an optimal rate (600 kg/ha) could positively affect photosynthesis and carbon fixation, which in turn increased the synthesis and accumulation of sucrose and starch, thus promoting the growth and dry matter accumulation of tobacco plants. However, a higher biochar dosage (1800 kg/ha) disturbs the crucial source-sink balance of organic compounds and inhibits the growth of tobacco plants.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Optimum biochar application enhanced plant growth of flue-cured tobacco in field experiments.
- Taxon
- flue-cured tobacco plantst0
- Treatment
- optimum biochar applicatione0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- enhancese0
- Setting
- field experimentse1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“flue-cured tobacco plants”
e0“The results demonstrated that optimum biochar application enhances plant growth, regulates enzymatic activity, and promotes biomass accumulation in tobacco plants, while higher biochar doses had adverse effects”
e1“via field experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimum biochar application promoted biomass accumulation in flue-cured tobacco in field experiments.
- Taxon
- flue-cured tobacco plantst0
- Treatment
- optimum biochar applicatione0
- Outcome
- biomass accumulatione0
- Direction
- promotese0
- Setting
- field experimentse1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“flue-cured tobacco plants”
e0“The results demonstrated that optimum biochar application enhances plant growth, regulates enzymatic activity, and promotes biomass accumulation in tobacco plants, while higher biochar doses had adverse effects”
e1“via field experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimum biochar application regulated enzymatic activity in flue-cured tobacco.
- Taxon
- flue-cured tobacco plantst0
- Treatment
- optimum biochar applicatione0
- Outcome
- enzymatic activitye0
- Direction
- regulatese0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“flue-cured tobacco plants”
e0“The results demonstrated that optimum biochar application enhances plant growth, regulates enzymatic activity, and promotes biomass accumulation in tobacco plants, while higher biochar doses had adverse effects”
Claim · model-written summary
A higher biochar dosage (1800 kg/ha) inhibited the growth of tobacco plants.
- Taxon
- tobacco plants
Nicotiana tabacume2 - Treatment
- a higher biochar dosage (1800 kg/ha)e2
- Outcome
- growthe2
- Direction
- inhibitse2
- Qualifier
- disturbs the crucial source-sink balance of organic compoundse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“flue-cured tobacco plants”
e2“a higher biochar dosage (1800 kg/ha) disturbs the crucial source-sink balance of organic compounds and inhibits the growth of tobacco plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Transcriptome analysis of flue-cured tobacco revealed 6561 differentially expressed genes across treatments.
Verbatim
t0“flue-cured tobacco plants”
e3“transcriptome analysis revealed a total of 6561 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were up- or down-regulated in the groupwise comparison under different treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon fixation, photosynthesis and starch and sucrose metabolism pathways were up-regulated under the optimal biochar dose of 600 kg/ha in tobacco.
- Taxon
- flue-cured tobacco plantst0
- Treatment
- optimal biochar dosage (600 kg/ha)e4
- Outcome
- carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms (ko00710), photosynthesis (ko00195), and starch and sucrose metabolism (ko00500) pathwayse4
- Direction
- up-regulatede4
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“flue-cured tobacco plants”
e4“carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms (ko00710), photosynthesis (ko00195), and starch and sucrose metabolism (ko00500) pathways were significantly up-regulated under the optimal biochar dosage (600 kg/ha) and down-regulated under the higher biochar dosage (1800 kg/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon fixation, photosynthesis and starch and sucrose metabolism pathways were down-regulated under the higher biochar dose of 1800 kg/ha in tobacco.
- Taxon
- flue-cured tobacco plantst0
- Treatment
- higher biochar dosage (1800 kg/ha)e4
- Outcome
- carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms (ko00710), photosynthesis (ko00195), and starch and sucrose metabolism (ko00500) pathwayse4
- Direction
- down-regulatede4
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“flue-cured tobacco plants”
e4“carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms (ko00710), photosynthesis (ko00195), and starch and sucrose metabolism (ko00500) pathways were significantly up-regulated under the optimal biochar dosage (600 kg/ha) and down-regulated under the higher biochar dosage (1800 kg/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar at an optimal rate may promote tobacco growth and dry matter accumulation through photosynthesis and increased sucrose and starch accumulation.
- Taxon
- tobacco plantsNicotiana tabacume5
- Treatment
- biochar application at an optimal rate (600 kg/ha)e5
- Compound
- sucrose and starche5
- Outcome
- growth and dry matter accumulatione5
- Qualifier
- increased the synthesis and accumulation of sucrose and starche5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“biochar application at an optimal rate (600 kg/ha) could positively affect photosynthesis and carbon fixation, which in turn increased the synthesis and accumulation of sucrose and starch, thus promoting the growth and dry matter accumulation of tobacco plants”
The same questions in other papers
biochar · physiology: photosynthesis · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Results agree
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- positive
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biochar · growth · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Results agree
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- positive
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See all 15 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.