Abstract
In this study, processing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) ‘Ligeer 87-5’ was hydroponically cultivated under 100 mM NaCl to simulate salt stress. To investigate the impacts on ion homeostasis, osmotic regulation, and redox status in tomato seedlings, different endogenous levels of ascorbic acid (AsA) were established through the foliar application of 0.5 mM AsA (NA treatment), 0.25 mM lycorine (LYC, an inhibitor of AsA synthesis; NL treatment), and a combination of LYC and AsA (NLA treatment). The results demonstrated that exogenous AsA significantly increased the activities and gene expressions of key enzymes (L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (GalLDH) and L-galactose dehydrogenase (GalDH)) involved in AsA synthesis in tomato seedling leaves under NaCl stress and NL treatment, thereby increasing cellular AsA content to maintain its redox status in a reduced state. Additionally, exogenous AsA regulated multiple ion transporters via the SOS pathway and increased the selective absorption of K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ in the aerial parts, reconstructing ion homeostasis in cells, thereby alleviating ion imbalance caused by salt stress. Exogenous AsA also increased proline dehydrogenase (ProDH) activity and gene expression, while inhibiting the activity and transcription levels of Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) and ornithine-δ-aminotransferase (OAT), thereby reducing excessive proline content in the leaves and alleviating osmotic stress. LYC exacerbated ion imbalance and osmotic stress caused by salt stress, which could be significantly reversed by AsA application. Therefore, exogenous AsA application increased endogenous AsA levels, reestablished ion homeostasis, maintained osmotic balance, effectively alleviated the inhibitory effect of salt stress on tomato seedling growth, and enhanced their salt tolerance.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous AsA increased the activities and gene expressions of GalLDH and GalDH in tomato seedling leaves under NaCl stress and NL treatment.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Organ / stage
- seedling leavese1
- Treatment
- exogenous AsAe1
- Gene
- GalLDHe1
- Outcome
- activities and gene expressionse1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“processing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) ‘Ligeer 87-5’ was hydroponically cultivated under 100 mM NaCl”
e1“exogenous AsA significantly increased the activities and gene expressions of key enzymes (L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (GalLDH) and L-galactose dehydrogenase (GalDH)) involved in AsA synthesis in tomato seedling leaves under NaCl stress and NL treatment, thereby increasing cellular AsA content to maintain its redox status in a reduced state”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous AsA increased cellular AsA content in tomato seedling leaves.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- seedling leavese1
- Treatment
- exogenous AsAe1
- Outcome
- cellular AsA contente1
- Direction
- increasinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“processing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) ‘Ligeer 87-5’ was hydroponically cultivated under 100 mM NaCl”
e1“exogenous AsA significantly increased the activities and gene expressions of key enzymes (L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (GalLDH) and L-galactose dehydrogenase (GalDH)) involved in AsA synthesis in tomato seedling leaves under NaCl stress and NL treatment, thereby increasing cellular AsA content to maintain its redox status in a reduced state”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous AsA increased the selective absorption of K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the aerial parts of tomato seedlings.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- aerial partse2
- Treatment
- exogenous AsAe2
- Outcome
- selective absorption of K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+e2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“processing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) ‘Ligeer 87-5’ was hydroponically cultivated under 100 mM NaCl”
e2“exogenous AsA regulated multiple ion transporters via the SOS pathway and increased the selective absorption of K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ in the aerial parts”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous AsA regulated multiple ion transporters via the SOS pathway in tomato seedlings.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- exogenous AsAe2
- Outcome
- multiple ion transporterse2
- Qualifier
- via the SOS pathwaye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“processing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) ‘Ligeer 87-5’ was hydroponically cultivated under 100 mM NaCl”
e2“exogenous AsA regulated multiple ion transporters via the SOS pathway and increased the selective absorption of K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ in the aerial parts”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous AsA alleviated ion imbalance caused by salt stress in tomato seedlings.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- exogenous AsAe2
- Outcome
- ion imbalancee3
- Direction
- alleviatinge3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“processing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) ‘Ligeer 87-5’ was hydroponically cultivated under 100 mM NaCl”
e2“exogenous AsA regulated multiple ion transporters via the SOS pathway and increased the selective absorption of K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ in the aerial parts”
e3“reconstructing ion homeostasis in cells, thereby alleviating ion imbalance caused by salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous AsA increased proline dehydrogenase (ProDH) activity and gene expression in tomato seedlings.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Exogenous AsAe4
- Gene
- proline dehydrogenase (ProDH)e4
- Outcome
- activity and gene expressione4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“processing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) ‘Ligeer 87-5’ was hydroponically cultivated under 100 mM NaCl”
e4“Exogenous AsA also increased proline dehydrogenase (ProDH) activity and gene expression”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous AsA inhibited the activity and transcription levels of P5CS and OAT in tomato seedlings.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Exogenous AsAe4
- Gene
- Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS)e5
- Outcome
- activity and transcription levelse5
- Direction
- inhibitinge5
- Qualifier
- ornithine-δ-aminotransferase (OAT)e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“processing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) ‘Ligeer 87-5’ was hydroponically cultivated under 100 mM NaCl”
e4“Exogenous AsA also increased proline dehydrogenase (ProDH) activity and gene expression”
e5“while inhibiting the activity and transcription levels of Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) and ornithine-δ-aminotransferase (OAT)”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous AsA reduced excessive proline content in tomato seedling leaves and alleviated osmotic stress.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese6
- Treatment
- Exogenous AsAe4
- Outcome
- proline contente6
- Direction
- reducinge6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“processing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) ‘Ligeer 87-5’ was hydroponically cultivated under 100 mM NaCl”
e4“Exogenous AsA also increased proline dehydrogenase (ProDH) activity and gene expression”
e6“thereby reducing excessive proline content in the leaves and alleviating osmotic stress”
Claim · model-written summary
LYC exacerbated ion imbalance and osmotic stress in tomato seedlings under salt stress.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- LYCe7
- Outcome
- ion imbalance and osmotic stresse7
- Direction
- exacerbatede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“processing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) ‘Ligeer 87-5’ was hydroponically cultivated under 100 mM NaCl”
e7“LYC exacerbated ion imbalance and osmotic stress caused by salt stress, which could be significantly reversed by AsA application”
Claim · model-written summary
AsA application could significantly reverse the ion imbalance and osmotic stress exacerbated by LYC in tomato seedlings.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- AsA applicatione7
- Outcome
- ion imbalance and osmotic stresse7
- Direction
- reversede7
- Comparator
- LYCe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“processing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) ‘Ligeer 87-5’ was hydroponically cultivated under 100 mM NaCl”
e7“LYC exacerbated ion imbalance and osmotic stress caused by salt stress, which could be significantly reversed by AsA application”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous AsA application alleviated the inhibitory effect of salt stress on tomato seedling growth and enhanced salt tolerance.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume7
- Treatment
- exogenous AsA applicatione7
- Outcome
- seedling growthe7
- Direction
- alleviatede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“processing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) ‘Ligeer 87-5’ was hydroponically cultivated under 100 mM NaCl”
e7“exogenous AsA application increased endogenous AsA levels, reestablished ion homeostasis, maintained osmotic balance, effectively alleviated the inhibitory effect of salt stress on tomato seedling growth, and enhanced their salt tolerance”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.